exam 4 Flashcards
what is a social clock?
internal time based on social norms and expectations
intimacy vs isolation
teens to 20s; search for relationships and friendships
generativity vs stagnation
40s-60s, reflect on life choices
integrity vs isolation
60s- older;
when is social clock set?
ideal ages for both sexes to finish school and have a family
5 Big personality traits
O- openness, C- conscientiousness, E- extroversion, A- aggreableness, N- Neuroticism
what is a social convoy?
group of people who provide a protective layer of social relations to guide, encourage individuals in life
what are two things friends have in common
age, similar values/experiences
what are 5 things friends provide?
health, advice, companionship, laughter, information
how do friends change with age?
improve and become close and less problematic
how does physical distance affect family bonds
doesn’t weaken them
how are parent-adult children relations affected when living together
tend to worsen
3 things that increase between parents and adult children
closeness, forgiveness, pride
what is familism?
belief that family members should sacrifice personal freedom to care for each other
how are fictive kin treated in families?
like family member
4 reasons adult seek committed partners
help raise children, share resource, provide care for each other,intimacy
In the U.S what percent of people are married by what age?
85% are married by age 40
3 things in married couples
happier, healthier, richer
what fraction of all U.S marriage is remarriage?
1/2
what type of marriages have highest divorce rate
2nd marriage
what is generativity?
when adults seek to be productive in a caring way
what is the “saying” regarding caregiving?
people NEED to be NEEDED
what is a kin-keeper
person who maintains communication between family members; share news about illness, accomplishments
sandwich generation
caregivers take care of children and their parents
what do adults part of sandwhich generation do?
hire caregivers to take care of parents
how does our body cope with stress
organ reserve
how is organ reserve affected as we age?
reserve is depleted, aging is not noticed
what is problem focused coping
when you attack issue directly, commonly used by young people
what is emotion focused coping
when they change feelings about situation; used by older adults
what is an allostic load?
combination of stress and disease a person must deal with
which style of coping do most men use?
problem-focused
what style of coping do most women use?
emotion- focused
gerontology
scientific study of old age
what is fastest growing age group?
people over 100 years
how is american demographics divided/shaped
thirds and square
what are 3 categories gerontologist distinguish between
young-old, old-old, oldest-old
young old age bracket
60-75
old old age bracket
75-85
oldest old
85+
what are 3 things gerontologist based on ?
health, age, well being
how do vitamins needs change with age?
tend to increase
how do calories need change with age?
tend to decrease
what is primary aging?
irreversible changes occur
what is secondary aging?
changes caused by illnesses and conditions
what is the most troubling aspect for edlery
social isolation
what are cataracts?
thickening of the lens causing cloudy visions
what is glaucoma?
hardening of eyeball due to buildup of fluid
what is senile macular degeneration?
deterioration of retina
what are two things happen to body system during late adulthood>
slower, less efficient
what illnesses are most common in late adulthood?
heart disease, stroke, cancer, pulmonary disease
Maslow hierachy of needs
5) physiological needs, 4) safety needs, 3), love and belonging, 2) esteem and success, 1) self actualization, self transcendence
how does empty nest affect marriage?
increase income, improves marriage satisfaction
why is social clock less rigid?
historical and social conditions changed
how does SES effect social clock
the lower the SES , the faster social clock ticks
ecological niche
a person’s social context
unisex personality
men become less aggresive and women become assertive and less conforming
How are intimacy needs met?
relatives, friends, co workers, romantic partners
dependency ratio
2 independent adult for 1 dependent
how do western cultures view parent-adult children relationships?
they dont want to burden children
what characteristic increases cultural between parent-adult children
closeness
how do eastern cultures view the adult-children relationships?
they view caring for parents as a good trait and being dependent as acceptable
how is relationship between adult siblings
they become friends
how does someone become fictive kin?
if an individuals family orgin is destructive
3 things that influence quality of marriage
1) childhood experience
2) cohabitation before marriage
3) partner’s personalities
define ageism?
using age to categorize a person; prevents people from being seen as individuals
why is ageism declining?
advances in gerontology and demographic data
why is demography changing?
decline in birth rates, increase in longevity
Calories needs do what with age?
decrease by 10%
what is best diet for late adulthoof
healthy and varied
what are some characteristics in primary aging?
Skin: becomes dry/thinner, wrinkles/ age spots appear
Hair: thinner and gray
Men may have pattern baldness
what is leading cause of death for people over 60?
falling
Both sexes have less strength in ?
legs
How is vitality determined?
lower body agility
what percentage of elderly have eye dieases?
65-80 = 5%
ove 80 yrs= 40%
what is presbycusis?
age-related hearing loss
what is tinnitus?
ringing of the ears
How are sensory impairments fixed?
technology, specialist care, personal detemination
define compression of morbidity
limited time spent ill, postpone onset of diease,
define wear and tear theory?
body wears out with use and disease
define genetic clock theory
lifespan is genetically programmed into species
what is average life expectancy in the U.S ?
women-80
men- 75
define epigenetic theory
influenced by genes and environment
selective adaptation
young and old can die, middle must stay
cellular theory of aging
aging is caused by cellular accidents from cellular reproduction
genetic clock theory
believes genes predetermined exact moment death
B-cells function
make antibodies that attack bacteria; found in bone marrow
T-cells function
attack infected cells; found in thymus gland
Immune system differences in gender
women are stronger/ more efficient
women are healthier than men
characteristics of long lived people
moderate diet, hard work, exercise, strong ties to others, rural environment
Self theory
person must rely on themselves to fufill potential
Contiuity theory
personality remain stable over time; curious person attends college
positivity theory
optimization over compensation; most common in elderly
5 ADLs
eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, moving
