exam 4 Flashcards
what is metabolism?
sum of all of the chemical rxns of occuring in the body
what is catabolism?
breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releases energy
anabolism is…
the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, requires energy
oxidation-reduction rxns are those in which electrons are transferred from…
a donor to an acceptor
oxidation is the…
loss of electrons
reducing agent is…
the substance that loses the electrons
reduction is…
the gain of electrons
oxidizing agent is the…
substance that gains the electrons
what is carbon in its most reduced form?
alkane
carbon in its most oxidized form…
CO2 (final product of catabolism)
NAD+ is an…
- important coenzyme
- two electron oxidizing agent
- reduced to NADH
FAD is a…
- biological oxidizing agent
- protons and electrons are accepted by FAD
what is a central theme in metabolism?
coupling of energy-producing and energy-requiring reactions
can food energy be used directly?
no - must be shuttled into easily accessible forms of chemical energy
what are high energy bonds?
bonds that can release convenient amounts of energy
what is ATP?
essential high energy bond-containing compound
(x) of ATP to ADP releases (y)
hydrolysis, energy
coupling of energy release from ATP hydrolysis…
drives many anabolic reactions
what drives many anabolic reactions?
coupling of energy release from ATP hydrolysis
how many charges are on ATP and ADP?
ATP (4 -)
ADP (3 -)
is ATP stable?
not really
(x) must be expended to put an additional (y) on ADP
energy, negative charge
why is there an entropy loss when ADP is phosphorylated?
potential loss of resonance hybridization of inorganic phosphate (Pi)
what happens upon the hydrolysis of ATP?
decrease in electrostatic repulsion