exam 4

Question 1

What is acute musculoskeletal injury?

Can be damage to

Answer 1

*Acute pain less than 6 weeks’ duration

damage to muscle, tendons, ligaments, nerves, & bursae

Question 2

Spasm def

strain def

sprain def
degree

Answer 2

Spasm—persistent, painful, and reversible contracture of striated muscle

Strain—muscle injury caused by excessive tensile stress placed on a muscle resulting in stiffness & decreased function

Affect muscles or tendons that connect a muscle to a bone; minor usually do not cause swelling or redness; “pulled muscle”; severe strains include torn muscles or tendons w/ inflammation, swelling, weakness, loss of function

Sprain—stretching or tearing of ligaments that occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal anatomical range

1st degree—stretching of ligamentous fibers

2nd degree—tear of part of the ligament with pain & swelling

3rd degree—complete ligamentous separation

Question 3

Management for acute musculoskeletal injuries

Answer 3

PRICE—Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Reassurance, Limit activity/immobilize injured area,

Pain relief (NSAIDs),

Referral to orthopedics if no relief with conventional methods, Imaging—not typically indicated for acute MSK injuries

Question 4

muscle cramp definition

Answer 4

Sudden, involuntary painful contractions of a muscle or muscle part that last from seconds to several minutes

Question 5

Paresthesias def
can be caused by

Radiculopathy def

make sure to get ____ to determine ____. MRI indicated when _____

Answer 5

Sensation of numbness, prickling, or tingling in central & peripheral nerve lesions.

Anatomical or mechanical peripheral nerve injury (entrapment & compression)

Radiculopathy—compression or injury of spinal nerve roots due to spondylosis (degeneration of the vertebrae) or disc herniation

Detailed neurologic assessment to determine whether sensory or motor deficits are present—MRI indicated when sensory deficit or hyporeflexia is present

Question 6

myofascial pain def

treatment

Answer 6

Muscle pain caused by “trigger points” within a muscle—causes referred pain

Trigger point injections with saline or corticosteroids, dry needling, muscle relaxants (use with caution), NSAIDs, cox-2s, TCAs

Question 7

when a pt presents with back pain make sure to do a:

Answer 7

Thorough lower extremity neurologic assessment.

Question 8

When assessing shoulder pain make sure to
inspect for:
palpate for:

Answer 8

Inspection—swelling, color, edema, symmetry; active/passive ROM

Palpation—tenderness, crepitus, temperature, deformity

Question 9

Elbow pain typically occurs from

treatment:

Answer 9

Typically due to overuse

Rest, Ice, NSAIDs, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, wrist splinting

Question 10

When a pt presents with wrist or hand pain make sure to assess:

Answer 10

Assess ROM of fingers & wrist

Question 11

Ankle pain is typically:

Answer 11

Typically ligament injury (sprain)