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PCC1: Campbell > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What would you teach a client to help promote a healthy bladder?

A

take time to empty bladder fully

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2
Q

How much fluid should a client drink a day?

A

1500 mL

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3
Q

What type of incontinence does an aging male with hesitancy and straining have?

A

overflow incontinence

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4
Q

What type of incontinence is characterized by pressure on the pelvic floor?

A

stress incontinence

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5
Q

What type of incontinence is a female likely to experience when sneezing and coughing?

A

stress incontinence

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6
Q

What type of elimination issue may be caused by an increased intake of caffeine?

A

urinary incontinence

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7
Q

How can a nurse prevent a CAUTI?

A

keep the drainage bag below the clients bladder

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8
Q

What are clients who have an indwelling urinary catheter at risk for?

A

CAUTI (catheter associated urinary tract infection)

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9
Q

What type of incontinence can be caused by limited mobility?

A

functional incontinence

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10
Q

What type of intervention is appropriate for a client with urinary incontinence?

A

assist with a voiding schedule

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11
Q

When will a nurse empty a clients urinary drainage bag?

A

when it is half full, prior to ambulation, and before client transfers

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12
Q

What are the common symptoms of UTI?

A

urgency, dysuria, and frequency

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13
Q

With what amount of output should a nurse act?

A

output of less than 30 ml/hr

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14
Q

What type of laxative/cathartic can lead to dependence for defecation?

A

stimulant

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15
Q

What may lead to decreased peristalsis?

A

opioid analgesics

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16
Q

What type of enema solution is isotonic?

A

normal saline

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17
Q

What type of solution is a fleet enema?

A

hypertonic solution

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18
Q

What may a vagus nerve reaction cause?

A

decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

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19
Q

What function is inhibited during an intestinal obstruction?

A

ability to pass gas

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20
Q

What type of laxative is least likely to cause fluid and electrolyte shifts?

A

bulk forming

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21
Q

When will the nurse initiate bladder or bowel training?

A

at scheduled intervals

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22
Q

What religious practice correlates to a Kosher diet?

A

orthodox judaism

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23
Q

What does a BMI of 31.2 indicate?

A

obese

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24
Q

What does BMI <18.5 indicate?

A

underweight

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25
Q

What does the BMI range of 18.5-24.9 indicate?

A

normal weight

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26
Q

What does the BMI range of 25-29.9 indicate?

A

overweight

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27
Q

What does the BMI range of 30-34.9 indicate?

A

obese

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28
Q

What does the BMI range > 35 indicate?

A

morbid obesity

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29
Q

What finding may indicate a nutritional deficit?

A

albumin of 2.9 g/dL

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30
Q

What may a client with dysphagia exhibit?

A

change in voice after swallowing

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31
Q

What item is essential for safety when feeding a client with dysphagia?

A

suction

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32
Q

What technique will the nurse use to feed a client with dysphagia?

A

tilt head forward and chin down

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33
Q

What is a common source of food borne illness?

A

food prepared by unwashed hands

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34
Q

What specific nutrient type are potatoes?

A

polysaccharide

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35
Q

What specific food is a good source of vitamin K?

A

broccoli

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36
Q

What is an example of a complete protein?

A

chicken

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37
Q

What is an example of a food that contains saturated fat?

A

beef

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38
Q

What is the minimum daily intake of water for an adult?

A

1500 mL

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39
Q

What food is a major source of vitamin C?

A

oranges

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40
Q

What food is a good source of vitamin E?

A

spinach (dark leafy greens)

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41
Q

What type of diet is it important to have a maintained, consistent intake of prescribed carbohydrates?

A

(ADA)/ diabetic diet

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42
Q

What happens to client’s metabolic needs during cancer?

A

increase

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43
Q

What is important for AIDS patients due to their reduced resistance to infection?

A

food safety

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44
Q

What kind of dessert can be given to a client on a clear liquid diet?

A

popsicles

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45
Q

What dietary limitation may be found for a client with hypertension or heart failure?

A

sodium

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46
Q

What are some dietary limitations of a renal diet?

A

protein, fluid, and sodium

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47
Q

What liquid consistency is as thick as heavy syrup, but can still be sipped through a straw?

A

nectar

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48
Q

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates contain?

A

4 calories/gram

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49
Q

How many calories per gram do fats contain?

A

9 calories/gram

50
Q

What is transient incontinence?

A

caused by a temporary condition

51
Q

What kind of incontinence can be caused by limited mobility (unable to toilet in time)?

A

functional

52
Q

What type of incontinence is characterized by urge to urinate but has hesitancy, dribbling, and straining?

A

overflow

53
Q

What type of incontinence is triggered by sneezing, coughing, and pressure to pelvic floor muscles?

A

stress incontinence

54
Q

what type of incontinence causes an intense need to urinate with a sudden onset?

A

urge

55
Q

What type of incontinence is caused by a neurological deficit (brain does not communicate with bladder)?

A

reflex

56
Q

What are some causes of overflow incontinence?

A

obstruction, enlarged prostate, unemptied catheter, and retention of urine

57
Q

What is a common cause of transient incontinence?

A

UTIs

58
Q

How many flicks and sustained contractions should be done with kegels?

A

5 quick flicks and 10 sustained contractions

59
Q

What factors can increase urge incontinence?

A

artificial sweetener, caffeine, and alcohol

60
Q

What conditions are commonly a cause of functional incontinence?

A

Alzheimer’s and dementia

61
Q

What education can be provided to encourage to reduce a risk of UTI?

A

limit being submerged in water, fully empty bladder, do not hold urine, stay hydrated, and wipe from front to back

62
Q

What kind of catheters usually cause CAUTIs?

A

indwelling/ foley

63
Q

How can a nurse reduce CAUTIs?

A

empty bag when half full, closed tubing system, do not set equipment on floor, prevent kinking of tubing, and clean daily

64
Q

When should catheter bags be emptied?

A

1/2 full, before transportation, and before ambulation

65
Q

How soon after condom catheter application should the nurse assess the penis?

A

15-30mins

66
Q

What may be visible if poor circulation occurs due to condom catheter application?

A

discoloration, discomfort, and swelling

67
Q

How much space should be left between the glans penis and end of condom catheter?

A

2.5-5cm (1-2inches)

68
Q

Should you pull back foreskin before placing a condom catheter?

A

no you should not

69
Q

How often should a condom catheter catheter be changed?

A

24-48 hrs

70
Q

In what order should an abdominal assessment be performed in?

A

inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation

71
Q

What are expected with contour of stomach?

A

flat and rounded

72
Q

What are unexpected contour findings of stomach?

A

scaphoid and protuberant

73
Q

What may occur to the umbilicus of a pregnant woman?

A

eversion

74
Q

What type of stool is characterized by separate hard lumps and are results of severe constipation?

A

type 1

75
Q

What type of stool is characterized by hard sausage-formed lumps and are results of constipation?

A

type 2

76
Q

What type of stool is within normal limits and appears as a sausage with cracks?

A

type 3

77
Q

What type of stool is considered normal and looks like a smooth sausage?

A

type 4

78
Q

What type of stool that appears as soft blobs with clear edges and is a result of lacking fiber?

A

type 5

79
Q

What stool type is mushy with ragged edges?

A

type 6

80
Q

What stool type is very liquidy as a result of severe diarrhea?

A

type 7

81
Q

Where did we begin auscultation of the stomach? why?

A

right lower quadrant due to the location of the ileocecal valve

82
Q

How long do you have to wait for abdomen sounds before you can consider them absent?

A

five minutes

83
Q

What are hyperactive bowel sounds?

A

5-30/min and sounds like high-pitched gurgling

84
Q

What do hyperactive bowel sounds sound like?

A

> 30/min; rushing and tinkling

85
Q

What are some factors that may cause hypoactive bowel sounds?

A

surgery, opioids, peritonitis, and a late bowel obstruction

86
Q

What may cause hyperactive bowel sounds?

A

gastroenteritis, diarrhea, laxatives, and an early bowel obstruction

87
Q

Where can percussable dullness be heard?

A

over distended bladder, masses/organs, adipose tissue, and over fluid

88
Q

What is the normal sound heard with percussion of the abdomen?

A

tympany

89
Q

What do we assess for for while performing deep palpation of the abdomen?

A

organomegaly, guarding, tenderness, and masses

90
Q

What is expected for a client with an intestinal obstruction?

A

lack of passing gas or stool

91
Q

What type of client is at risk for developing a GI obstruction?

A

recent abdominal surgery

92
Q

What are the risk factors for diarrhea?

A

antibiotics, infectious agents, anxiety, increase fluid, and food sensitivities (allergens/lactose/gluten, etc)

93
Q

What is a hemorrhoid, what may cause one?

A

dilated vein in rectum (internal or external), and caused by straining, obesity, or pregnancy

94
Q

What statement will the nurse include in their instructions for the client prescribed bulk forming laxatives?

A

“This agent is not advised if the physician has restricted your fluid intake.”

95
Q

What clients should avoid bulk forming laxatives?

A

those with fluid restrictions

96
Q

What type of laxative increases intestinal secretion of water, has short term relief, and doesn’t specifically cause a bowel movement but generally makes it easier for clients to go?

A

emollient

97
Q

What type of laxative pulls fluid into the intestine, causing increased peristalsis and distension?

A

osmotic

98
Q

What type of laxative may cause a dependence, and acts by limiting water reabsorption in the large intestine?

A

stimulant

99
Q

What type of metabolism can be classified as building up?

A

anabolism

100
Q

What type of metabolic process breaks down substances?

A

catabolic

101
Q

What equation is used to calculate Body Mass Index?

A

lb/in^2 x 703

102
Q

How many calories are in a gram of carbohydrates?

A

4 cal/gram

103
Q

How many calories are in a gram of fat?

A

9 cal/gram

104
Q

How many calories are in a gram of protein?

A

4 cal/gram

105
Q

What must a protein contain to be considered complete?

A

all 9 amino acids

106
Q

Are animal products generally saturated or unsaturated fats?

A

saturated

107
Q

What type of fats are usually more healthy?

A

unsaturated

108
Q

What type of fat are olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans?

A

unsaturated

109
Q

What specific patient group should avoid saturated fats?

A

high cholesterol and heart issues

110
Q

When can children have honey and cow milk?

A

12 months

111
Q

What nutritional components should increase for adolescents?

A

Calories, protein, calcium, and iron

112
Q

What is the BRAT diet? Who is it used for?

A

bananas, rice, applesauce and toast
clients with gastrointestinal issues (diarrhea)

113
Q

What are expected albumin levels?

A

3.5-5

114
Q

What is considered within normal limits for triglycerides?

A

less than 150

115
Q

What cholesterol levels are considered normal?

A

less than 200

116
Q

How much intake should fats be?

A

25-35%

117
Q

What percent of intake should be made of carbs?

A

45-65%

118
Q

What percent of intake should be protein?

A

10-35%

119
Q

What foods are highest in fiber?

A

beans, broccoli, whole grains, and fruit with peeling attached

120
Q

What kind of enema is water?

A

hypotonic

121
Q

What are some examples of nectar-thick liquids?

A
122
Q

How does an oil retention enema work?

A

lubricating the rectum and colon and then is absorbed by the feces

PCC1: Campbell (5 decks)

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