Exam 4 Flashcards
What is personality?
Defined as the manner in which people perceive, relate to, and think about themselves and the world. A characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.
What is trait theory?
Define personality through stable and tasting behavior patters and conscious motivations
What are the three criteria for personality traits?
Consistency: score high in extroversion in different situations
Stability: extraverted in 30s = extroverted throughout life
Individual differences: more talkative etc
What is the 5 factor model?
Traits are sorted into factors
Assessment of each factor on a spectrum
Conscientiousness, agreeableness I neuroticism, openness, extroversion
How are personality disorders defined?
Characterized by behavior that is rigid, maladaptive, and consistent over a long duration of time-and the belief that their behaviors are not problematic
What are the personality disorders?
Borderline, histrionic, antisocial, schizoid, narcissistic
What is borderline personality disorder defined as?
Characterized by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood as well as impulsivity
Borderline is marked by five or move of the following
Fear of abandonment
Chaotic,mustable relationships
Unstable self-image or sense of self
Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging
Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threat, or NSSI
Mood instability
Issues with extreme anger
Paranoia and dissociative symptoms
What are common characteristics of bpd?
Idealization and devaluation of relationships
Extreme fear of rejection, abandonment
Frantic efforts to avoid abondament
Difficulty bring alone
What are the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?
Persistent disregard for and violation of the rights of others
What is the criteria for antisocial personality?
At least 18
Evidence of conduct disorders before 15
3 or or more of the following since 15:
Disregard for social norms with respect to the law
Deceitfulness
Impulsivity
Irritability and aggressiveness
Reckless disregard for safety
Irresponsibility
Lack of remorse
What are common characteristics of aspd?
Frequently manipulative or deceitful to gain personal profit or pleasure
May repeatedly perform acts that are grounds for arrest, but may never be arrested
Lacking remorse, indifferent to others
What are common stereotypes of aspd?
Murders and criminals
Criminality common but hot necessary
Use traits for good vocational use
Desire to attack others
Focus on personal gain, and not violence
Choose to be evil
What are the characteristics of NPD?
Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Misconceptions of their associations with others
Exaggeration of accomplishments
Fragile self-esteem
Sensitive to criticism
Mistreats others
What are characteristics of histrionic personality disorder?
Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior.
Perceived as vain, self-centered
Extroverted style that is initially charming, and easy to get along with
Use emotiona outburst and theatricality get what they want
Storytellers
May be quick end relationships
What are characteristics of schizoid personality disorder?
Patterns of social detachment, limited range of emotions within Social interactions
Appear odd or peculiar or may seem cold, indifferent, humorless
Don’t enjoy close relationships
Difficulty expressing emotions
Seems to have no goals or motivation
Might form close relationships with inanimate objects or animals
What does dissociate mean?
Disconnect or separate, split
Not to be confused with disassociate, another term for dissociate
Dissociate: from others
Diss associate: from others
What are dissociative disorders characterized by?
Disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, incentity, perception, body representation
Distancing and disconnecting myself from humselves due to painful experiences
What are common symptoms of dissociative disorders?
Significant memory loss
Out-of-body experiences
Sense of detachment from emotions
Lack of sense of self-identity
Intrusions into awareness and behavior
Loss of continuity in everyday life
What is dissociative identity disorder characterized by?
Person having two or more distinct identity States (alters) with recurrent episodic amnesia related to the identities dominance at different times
Fragmentation or division of identity
What is an alter?
A sudden alteration or discontinuity in an individuals sense of self and agency
Typically a home base with accompanying identities
Several identities occupying one person
May feel like an observer of their own life, with no control over self
What is insight like with did?
Low to start, greaser over time
Complaints of losing time of forgetfulness
Hallucinations such as hearing other voices or intrusive thoughts
Why do alters form?
Form with a purpose
Most do not overtly display, or only subtly display, their discontinuity of identity
Only a minority present with discernible alterations of identity
When do alters switch?
Presence may depend on situation
Could onset from stressors
Typically subtle
How does amnesia work with alters?
Common between alters
Forgetting major life events
Unable to recall well-learned occupational skills
Possessions they have no recollection of ever owning
Finding oneself in a new location
Leads to confusion, guilt, shame, frustration
What are biological reasons for did?
Smaller hippocampus, amygdala, and parietal lobe involved with perception and personal awareness
Smaller frontal lobe involved in movement and fear learning
Larger while matter tracts - responsible for communication between somatosensory areas
Differences in brains associated with dissociation, anxiety defense mechanisms, and brain activation
What characterizes dissociative amnesia?
Inability to remember information about his or her life experiences, typically of a traumatic or stressful nature
Specific event
Specific period of time
Entirely of ones past
What characterizes depersonalization/ derealization
Disorder?
Consistent episodes of depersonalization and or derealization
What is depersonalization?
Observer of physical, emotional, or cognitive experiences
Feeling like an actor in a play about your own life
Detached from oneself
What is derealization?
The world and everything in it is distorted
Perceive environment as familiar but experiences it different than once remembered
Detached from ones surroundings, the world around them
What is Deja vu?
Already seen
Feeling of familiarity, as if the moment being experienced has already happened
As if you can predict what’s going to happen next
What is vuja de?
Experiencing something familiar asifit were strange and unknown
Why you suddenly understand a certain feeling or situation entirely differently
Can bring clarity to your personal story and catalyze changes in your circumstance
