Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY Exam 4 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

consciousness

A

awareness, sensations, thoughts, and feelings at any given moment (on a continuum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

selective attention

A

focusing on one specific thing while ignoring others by choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

inattentional blindness

A

not noticing the existence of something because you are focused on something else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

change blindness

A

not noticing the change of something in the environment because you are focused on something else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological clock that determines when you feel most alert vs sleep (different for everyone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

part of the brain circadian rhythm is controlled by

A

hypothalamus and pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of melatonin

A

makes us feel sleepy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how melatonin is triggered/suppressed

A

light hits cones and rods in eyes triggers suprachiasmatic nucleus triggers pineal gland triggers suppression of melatonin (so you are less sleepy in the light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

order of brainwaves as seen on eeg from most active (rapid short waves) to deep sleep (long waves)

A

beta, alpha, theta, delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

brainwaves associated with each sleep stage

A

NREM 1 - beta (attentive awake) turn to alpha (inattentive awake)
NREM 2 - theta (also sleep spindles)
NREM 3 - delta (all neurons fire synchronously)
REM - similar to beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stage NREM 1

A

5-10 minutes - easily woken, very light sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hypnogogic state

A

hypnic jerks and flashes of color that may occur as you are falling asleep (NREM 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stage NREM 2

A

20 minutes - brain registers noise but doesn’t wake, still light sleep but harder to wake than NREM 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sleep spindles

A

short bursts of brain activity (NREM 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stage NREM 3

A

30 minutes - very deep sleep and groggy if woken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stage REM (rapid eye movement)

A

25% total sleep time but amount in each cycle varies - “paradoxical sleep” with lots of brain activity and vivid dreams but body paralyzed and won’t remember unless woken up, elevated breathing and HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sleep cycle length

A

90 minutes - 4-6 cycles each night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 theories of why we sleep

A

sleep is restorative, sleep is protective, sleep rebuilds memories, and sleep supports growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sleep is restorative theory

A

chance to recharge and repair damaged tissues (evidence: animals that burn more calories need more sleep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sleep is protective theory

A

we are more vulnerable at night so have evolved to be hidden and asleep during that time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sleep rebuilds memories theory

A

neural connections we don’t use a pruned and memories are consolidated (evidence: memory improves after sleep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sleep supports growth theory

A

pituitary gland releases growth hormone during sleep (evidence: kids need more sleep than adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

insomnia

A

recurring inability to fall asleep or stay asleep most nights per week for 3-4 weeks caused by stress, drugs, health, depression, or random
solutions - no sleeping pills, rigid sleep schedule, no naps, frequent exercise, reduced screen time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden sleep attacks with no known cause
solutions - frequent naps, simulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nightmares

A

very vivid anxiety-provoking dreams during REM sleep (most common in kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sleep apnea

A

breathing stops when asleep disrupting/preventing deep sleep

27
Q

night terrors

A

very extreme nightmares causing people to sit up and scream during NREM 3 sleep (most common in kids)

28
Q

sleepwalking/sleeptalking

A

doing daily activities while asleep, more prone to accidents so should be woken up

29
Q

4 theories of why we dream

A

wish fulfillment (Freud), activation synthesis (Hobsen), memory processing, neurological/physiological function

30
Q

dreaming is for wish fullfillment theory

A

manifest (literal) content in our dreams has hidden symbols and meanings about latent content (our wishes)
evidence: PET scans show activity in limbic system during REM sleep

31
Q

dreaming is activation synthesis

A

completely random brain activity that we try to make sense of by making connections and storylines
evidence: frontal lobe is inactive during REM sleep

32
Q

dreaming processes memories theory

A

memories become consolidated and dreams often relate to real life
evidence: brain regions active while learning are active during REM sleep

33
Q

dreaming is for neurological/physiological function

A

neural pathways are expanded and conserves when fired during REM sleep and REM sleep improves growth and development
evidence: kids need more sleep and we perform better on tests if sleep first

34
Q

common themes of dreams

A

64% about sadness, failure, apprehension, or anxiety
18% about happiness

35
Q

lucid dreaming

A

you are aware you are asleep and able to control your dream

36
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that change your perception of something

37
Q

psychological drug dependence

A

you think you need this drug to function even when you really don’t

38
Q

physical drug addiction

A

physiological state in which a person strongly craves the drug and will have withdrawal symptoms without it (usually the opposite of what the drug does)

39
Q

tolerance

A

a person needs more of the drug to feel the effects

40
Q

3 types of depressants

A

alcohol, barbiturates, opioids

41
Q

alcohol expectancy effects

A

if people think they are drinking, they’ll act how they expect they should

42
Q

alcohol cultural effects

A

in the US people act more violent with alcohol while in Europe people act more calm

43
Q

effects of alcohol

A

lowers inhibitions, slows brain activity, impairs judgment, impairs memory, alters self-awareness

44
Q

what are barbiturates

A

extremely strong tranquillizers used for sedation, used to be used as sleeping pills (highly addictive)

45
Q

effects of barbiturates

A

relaxation, euphoria, deep sleep, seizures/overdoses common (used to commit suicide)

46
Q

effects of opioids

A

agonists for endorphins so brain stops producing endorphins, induce sleep, relieve pain (highly addictive)

47
Q

2 types of stimulants

A

amphetamines, cocaine

48
Q

effects of amphetamines

A

increases dopamine
small/prescribed doses (for ADHD) - increases memory, attention, and alertness
large doses - increases anxiety, insomnia, amphetamine psychosis, heart problems, weight loss

49
Q

effects of cocaine

A

rapid mood increase (binds to receptors to prevent reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), heart problems, anxiety, insomnia

50
Q

effects of hallucinogens (general)

A

(psychedelic drugs) alter perceptions of reality

51
Q

4 types of hallucinogens

A

ecstasy (MDMA), LSD, ketamine, marujauna

52
Q

effects of ecstasy

A

mix of a hallucinogen and stimulant - increases release and locks reuptake of serotonin, euphoria, hallucinations, feelings of connectedness, regretted behaviors, jaw spasms, high BP, overheating, depression, sleep problems, immune system problems

53
Q

effects of LSD

A

euphoria, major hallucinations, hallucination flashbacks (not addictive)

54
Q

effects of ketamine

A

near-death out-of-body experiences, memory distortion, small amounts may be used to treat mood disorders

55
Q

effects of marujauna

A

mis of hallucinogen and depressent - visual hallucinations, time distortion, relaxation, perceptual distortion, impaired motor coordination, impaired perception ability, slowed reaction time, brain shrinks to disrupt memory and emotional function, increased risk for psychological disorders (unsure whether addictive or not)

56
Q

hypnosis

A

indiced state of altered conscioussness altering thoughts, feelings, and actions; highly suggestible

57
Q

2 stages of hypnosis

A

induction - progressive relaxation
suggestion

58
Q

qualities of someone highly susceptable to hypnosis

A

opne to new experience, good attention, imaginative, tendency to fantasize, able to process info quickly, positive attitudes, willingness

59
Q

changes displayed during hypnosis

A

reduced planning, redistributed attention, enhanced ability to fantasize, increased role-taking, decreased reality testing

60
Q

application of hypnosis

A

pain relife (NOT memory recovery)

61
Q

2 theories to explain hypnosis

A

divided consciousness and social influence

62
Q

hypnosis divided consciousness theory

A

caused by a split in awareness (like driving without processing it)

63
Q

hypnosis social influence theory

A

subject is so caught up by the hypnotized role they ignore other stimuli

PSY Exam 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions