Exam 4 Flashcards
Principles of Capitalism
Economic System
market competition
private property
the pursuit of profit
Principles of Socialism
Economic Institution
state ownership of goods and their production
impetus to share work and wealth equally among members of a society
Global Economy-Convergence Theory
a. multinational corporations
b. deindustrialization (job displacement)
how and why societies move toward similarity over time as their economy develops. improved educational systems globally. workers retrained to hold many jobs.
a. corporations all over the world
b. transition from a goods producing economy to a service based economy
Unemployment in the US
percentage of those not working but officially defined as looking for work. unemployment has gone up since COVID
Davis/Moore Thesis
social stratification
society pays more for jobs that require a high amount of expertise
health of the economy is tied to the health of the nation-one change in the social institution of the economy can effect all social institutions
Economic Sectors- 4 types
- primary sector: produce raw materials
- secondary sector: turns raw materials into finished goods
- tertiary sector: service (child & health)
- quaternary sector: produces ideas
Oligarchy
a form of government in which power is held by a small elite group
Monarchy
a form of government in which a single person rules until the individual dies or abdicates the throne
Democracy
US government
Dictatorship
a form of government in which a single person or very small group wields complete authority over a government or population- rise to power usually through economic or military might
Democracies
a representative government with elections by the population. all citizens have an equal voice or vote in determining state policy. typically, a multiparty political system.
Authoritarianism
the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
Nationalism
is the strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one’s culture or nation
Roles of State
determines the rights and privileges of various groups
decides which actions are legitimate and which are not
influences public opinion through the media
Traditional Power
power legitimized on the basis of long standing customs
Charismatic Power
power legitimized on the basis of leaders exceptional personal qualities
Rational Authority Power
power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
most common in the US
Mill’s Power Elite Model
dominant/ruling class controls all the major institutions in society; the state itself is how the ruling class exercises its power
Relative Deprivation Theory
Ted Robert Gurr
misery experienced by the people comparing their lives to others
Politics and Causes of War
- perceived threats
- political objectives
- “wag the dog” rationale
- moral objectives “freedom”
- absence of alternatives
Sources of Social Change
a single historical event
cultural and technological innovations- cultural diffusion
demographic changes- population size, gender, racial backgrounds, and age
environmental changes
media
Types of Social Movements
David Aberle
Reform Movement: seek to change something specific about the social structure
Revolutionary Movement: seek to change every aspect of society
Religious/Redemptive Movements: goal to provoke inner change or spiritual growth
Alternative Movement: self improvements and limited, specific change (diet fads)
Resistant Movements: seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure (kkk)
Stages of Social Movements
Blumer & Tilly
1. Preliminary Stage: people become aware of an issue and leader emerge
2. Coalescence Stage: people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue
3. Institutional Stage: the movement no longer needs grassroots volunteers, it has an established organization and paid staff
4. Declining Stage: the people accomplish the change desired, people no longer take the issue seriously, people adopt a new movement
Macrochanges and Microchanges
Macro: are gradual changes that occur on a broad scale and affect many aspects of society
Micro: are subtle alterations in the day to day interactions between people (a trend)
Emergent Norm Theory
Ralph Turner & Lewis Killian
in crowds norms develop and change as the crowd experience evolves.
Social Movement Frames
Snow & Benford
- Diagnostic Framing: states the problem in a clear and easy to understand way.
- Prognostic Framing: offers a solution and states how it will be implemented
- Motivational Framing: asking people to do something to the support the movement. action oriented
4.Fram Alignment Process: when social movements link goals or combine groups to grow the movement (bridging, amplification, extension, transformation
Nature of Social Change
a. Uneven
b. Conflict
c. Unforseen consequences
Functional Views of Social Change
societies, past and present, have basic elements and institutions that perform certain functions permitting a society to survive and persist.
DURKHEIM
Conflict Theory Views of Social Change
KARL MARX
argued that societies change and social change has a direction
Community Organizing Theory
the process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to reach goals they have set collectively
Alinsky’s Idea of Power
People & Money
was a radical
