Exam 4

Question 1

Principles of Capitalism
Economic System

Answer 1

market competition
private property
the pursuit of profit

Question 2

Principles of Socialism
Economic Institution

Answer 2

state ownership of goods and their production
impetus to share work and wealth equally among members of a society

Question 3

Global Economy-Convergence Theory
a. multinational corporations
b. deindustrialization (job displacement)

Answer 3

how and why societies move toward similarity over time as their economy develops. improved educational systems globally. workers retrained to hold many jobs.
a. corporations all over the world
b. transition from a goods producing economy to a service based economy

Question 4

Unemployment in the US

Answer 4

percentage of those not working but officially defined as looking for work. unemployment has gone up since COVID

Question 5

Davis/Moore Thesis

Answer 5

social stratification
society pays more for jobs that require a high amount of expertise
health of the economy is tied to the health of the nation-one change in the social institution of the economy can effect all social institutions

Question 6

Economic Sectors- 4 types

Answer 6

1. primary sector: produce raw materials
2. secondary sector: turns raw materials into finished goods
3. tertiary sector: service (child & health)
4. quaternary sector: produces ideas

Question 7

Oligarchy

Answer 7

a form of government in which power is held by a small elite group

Question 8

Monarchy

Answer 8

a form of government in which a single person rules until the individual dies or abdicates the throne

Question 9

Democracy

Answer 9

US government

Question 10

Dictatorship

Answer 10

a form of government in which a single person or very small group wields complete authority over a government or population- rise to power usually through economic or military might

Question 11

Democracies

Answer 11

a representative government with elections by the population. all citizens have an equal voice or vote in determining state policy. typically, a multiparty political system.

Question 12

Authoritarianism

Answer 12

the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.

Question 13

Nationalism

Answer 13

is the strong identity associated with an extreme sense of allegiance to one’s culture or nation

Question 14

Roles of State

Answer 14

determines the rights and privileges of various groups
decides which actions are legitimate and which are not
influences public opinion through the media

Question 15

Traditional Power

Answer 15

power legitimized on the basis of long standing customs

Question 16

Charismatic Power

Answer 16

power legitimized on the basis of leaders exceptional personal qualities

Question 17

Rational Authority Power

Answer 17

power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
most common in the US

Question 18

Mill’s Power Elite Model

Answer 18

dominant/ruling class controls all the major institutions in society; the state itself is how the ruling class exercises its power

Question 19

Relative Deprivation Theory

Answer 19

Ted Robert Gurr
misery experienced by the people comparing their lives to others

Question 20

Politics and Causes of War

Answer 20

1. perceived threats
2. political objectives
3. “wag the dog” rationale
4. moral objectives “freedom”
5. absence of alternatives

Question 21

Sources of Social Change

Answer 21

a single historical event
cultural and technological innovations- cultural diffusion
demographic changes- population size, gender, racial backgrounds, and age
environmental changes
media

Question 22

Types of Social Movements
David Aberle

Answer 22

Reform Movement: seek to change something specific about the social structure
Revolutionary Movement: seek to change every aspect of society
Religious/Redemptive Movements: goal to provoke inner change or spiritual growth
Alternative Movement: self improvements and limited, specific change (diet fads)
Resistant Movements: seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure (kkk)

Question 23

Stages of Social Movements

Answer 23

Blumer & Tilly
1. Preliminary Stage: people become aware of an issue and leader emerge
2. Coalescence Stage: people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue
3. Institutional Stage: the movement no longer needs grassroots volunteers, it has an established organization and paid staff
4. Declining Stage: the people accomplish the change desired, people no longer take the issue seriously, people adopt a new movement

Question 24

Macrochanges and Microchanges

Answer 24

Macro: are gradual changes that occur on a broad scale and affect many aspects of society
Micro: are subtle alterations in the day to day interactions between people (a trend)

Question 25

Emergent Norm Theory
Ralph Turner & Lewis Killian

Answer 25

in crowds norms develop and change as the crowd experience evolves.

Question 26

Social Movement Frames
Snow & Benford

Answer 26

1. Diagnostic Framing: states the problem in a clear and easy to understand way.
2. Prognostic Framing: offers a solution and states how it will be implemented
3. Motivational Framing: asking people to do something to the support the movement. action oriented
   4.Fram Alignment Process: when social movements link goals or combine groups to grow the movement (bridging, amplification, extension, transformation

Question 27

Nature of Social Change

Answer 27

a. Uneven
b. Conflict
c. Unforseen consequences

Question 28

Functional Views of Social Change

Answer 28

societies, past and present, have basic elements and institutions that perform certain functions permitting a society to survive and persist.
DURKHEIM

Question 29

Conflict Theory Views of Social Change

Answer 29

KARL MARX
argued that societies change and social change has a direction

Question 30

Community Organizing Theory

Answer 30

the process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to reach goals they have set collectively

Question 31

Alinsky’s Idea of Power
People & Money

Answer 31

was a radical