Exam 4 Flashcards
Evolution
The change in allele or genotype frequencies over time.
When does evolution not happen
no selection, no genetic drift, no gene flow, no mutation, random mating
What is a molecular clock
a region of DNA or protein that has a known rate of accumulation of mutations over time
Natural selection occurs when
individuals with certain heritable phenotypes survive and reproduce better than others.
Stabilizing Selection
Average stays same, they move toward middle
Directional selection
Average moves in 1 direction, genetic diversity, become fixed
Disruptive Selection
Go against average. Average stays same but selects for extremes, does not pick average. Genetically diverse
Sexual Selection
Either fight for the women. Or will show off for the female
Artificial Selection
Human based, we chose what we want
Fitness
A measure of the extent to which an individual’s genotype is represented in the next generation
Synthesis of nucleic acids always occurs in the 5-3 direction. True or False
True
During transcription what direction is the DNA template “read” by the polymerase?
3 –> 5
Translation is the process by which?
proteins are synthesized from RNA molecules
How is the information stored in DNA
in the sequence of nucleotides
the strands in DNA molecules are
complemetary
why does ADP have less potential energy than ATP
because ADP has only two phosphate groups
how many steps are in glycolysis
10
in addition to ATP what are the end products of glycolysis
NADH and pyruvate