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NUR 138 Pharmacology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Patient born with diabetes has which type?

A

Type 1. They have to take EXOGENOUS insulin shots for the rest of their life.
- Fewer than 10 percent of cases are type 1.

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2
Q

Is insulin given in mL or Units?

A

UNITS

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3
Q

Can metformin cause hypoglycemia?

A

No

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4
Q

Onset for NPH insulin is?

A

1-2 hours

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5
Q

When giving insulin, what should you rotate?

A

The injection sites.

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6
Q

The patient is alert with low blood sugar. What do you give them?

A

FOOD

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7
Q

The patient’s Vitals are bad and their sugar level is 30. What do you give them?

A

IV Glucose

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8
Q

What is the only insulin you can administer through an IV?

A

Regular Insulin ONLY!

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9
Q

What should a diabetic do before exercise?

A

EAT

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10
Q

Glipizide medication needs to be taken when and how?

A

Taken with the first bite of the first meal in the morning.

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11
Q

Diabetic patient is unconscious. What do you do?

A

Roll them to their side.

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12
Q

Regular onset time?

A

30-60 mins

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13
Q

Glargine

A

Long acting insulin. Onset 1-2 hours

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14
Q

Aspart

A

Rapid Acting Onset 15 mins

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15
Q

Hemoglobin a1c measure what?

A

Measure blood sugar levels over the past 3 months

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16
Q

Pregnant women with gestational diabetes, who can’t take pills will be given

A

insulin injections

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17
Q

Lispro needs to be given with

A

FOOD

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18
Q

Respiratory rate dropped below 8 due to opioids. What is given

A

Naloxone (NARCAN)

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19
Q

Max doses for Tylenol

A

Max: 3000mg
Liver Problems: 2000mg

20
Q

Patient reports feeling pins and needles?

A

Neuropathy pain

21
Q

What vital sign should you check on a person taking opioids?

A

Respirations

22
Q

Children cannot have what medicine for fever?

A

Aspirin. Give them Tylenol instead.

23
Q

Before giving medication, do what type of assessment?

A

A pain assessment.

24
Q

What is phantom pain?

A

pain from a body part that is no longer there.

25
Q

What is referred pain?

A

pain appearing in another part of the body then where is is originating from.

26
Q

Common adverse effects of opioids

A

nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, dizziness, dry mouth, and sedation

27
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Dilotin

28
Q

Demerol

A

Meperidine

29
Q

cough medicine

A

Codeine

30
Q

10x stronger then morphine

A

Fentanyl

31
Q

Signs and Symptoms of diabetes

A

Elevated fasting blood glucose (higher than 126 mg/dL) or a hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level greater than or equal to 6.5%
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Glycosuria
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision

32
Q

Type 2 diabetes Treatments

A

-Lifestyle changes
-Oral drug therapy
-Insulin when the above no longer provide glycemic control

33
Q

Fixed Combination Insulin

A

Contain NPH and either one rapid-acting type (Lispo, Aspart) or one short-acting type (Regular)

34
Q

How to draw up Insulin

A

Remember R (Regular or Rapid) before N (NPH/intermediate)

35
Q

When administering insulin, what should you check?

A

Check the patients GLUCOSE LEVELS before giving them insulin

36
Q

Can you shake or roll insulin vials

A

Roll Vials

37
Q

Insulin storage

A

Open unrefrigerated vials, must be discarded after one month

38
Q

Oral Antidiabetic Drugs

A
  • Used for type 2 Diabetes.
  • Effective treatment involves several elements
    +Careful monitoring of blood glucose levels
    +Therapy with one or more drugs
    +Treatment of associated comorbid conditions such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure
39
Q

If oral antidiabetic drugs are ineffective, what will happen

A

Insulin will be ordered

40
Q

Give patient oral antidiabetic drugs 30 mins before what?

A

Meals

41
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are given

A

with the first bite of each main meal

42
Q

Metformin is taken with meals to reduce what?

A

GI effects

43
Q

Metformin will need to be discontinued if the patient is

A

to undergo studies with contrast dye because of possible renal effects; check with the prescriber.

44
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar (below 50mg/dL)

45
Q

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

A

Early: Confusion, irritability, tremor, sweating
Late: Hypothermia, seizures
Coma and death will occur if not treated

46
Q

Types of Glucose elevating drugs

A
  • Oral forms of concentrated glucose : Buccal tablets, semisolid gel
  • 50% dextrose in water (D50W): Given IV
  • Glucagon: IV and Subcutaneous forms available

NUR 138 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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