exam 4 Flashcards
adolescence is defined as age:
international conference on physical activity guidelines for adolescence)
11-21
ASCM children and adolescents range
6-19
after _____ physiological changes are equal for adolescence and adults
puberty
Physical activity in preadolescents
normally short-term and intermittent
various intensity
More time spent in high intensity than any other age group
recreational in type
VO2 expressed as l/min is ____ in children than adults
lower
VO2 expressed as kg/l/min is ____ in children and adults
is similar
after puberty (12 years) what happens to VO2 in males and females
males continue to increase in VO2 max while females after this age plateau
oxygen cost of movement ____ in preadolescents because economy is _____
greater, lower
why is movement economy lower in children
greater reliance of stride frequency than stride length with running
differences in body mechanics
no difference with cycling
Improvement in ________ contributes to improved endurance performance during adolescence
movement economy
due to lower economy, the VO2 at any absolute submaximal workload is _____ % _____
10-30% greater
Heat Production/kg body mass is ____ in children when children and adults are working at the same absolute workload
higher
Anaerobic capacity is ____ in young children compared to older children and adults
lower
decreased ability to perform intense anaerobic activity (like wingate test)
what is the related difference in rate of utilization of ATP or CP concentrations
in children versus adults
there is no difference
why is anaerobic capacity in youth decreased
decreased rate of utilization of muscle glycogen= lower PFK activity
lower rate of lactate production
what is lower in children during maximal exercise and submaximal exercise
lactate levels – which might be why children report a lower RPE to a given workload
child reach steady-state ____ than adults
faster
children have greater capacity to recover due to
less dependence on anaerobic mechanisms and less development of metabolic acidosis
Cardiopulmonary Responses to exercise in children at maximum exercise
CO is lower
HR is higher and SV is lower
a-vO2 difference is similar
VE is increased due to increased frequency (less efficient ventilatory response)
Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in children at submax exercise
CO is somewhat lower at a given VO2
At any % of VO2max, children have a higher HR
a-vO2 difference is somewhat higher
Less efficient ventilatory response
what contributes to less efficient ventilatory response (VE to VO2 ratio is higher)
children depend more on increasing frequency than tidal volume to increase VE
Does NOT affect alveolar respiration but does result in a greater oxygen cost of respiration
______ in the heat is not compromised in preadolescent children
performance
at any absolute exercise intensity, the metabolic heat load is ____ in children
greater
at a relative workload, metabolic heat load is _____ in children
equal