exam 4

Question 1

What are the precursors lesions of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

• leukoplakia
• erythroplakia
• oral hairy luekoplakia

Question 2

What is Leukoplakia?

Answer 2

• White patch that can’t be scrapped off

- all luekoplakia are precancerous

Question 3

What associated with leukoplakia?

Answer 3

-tobacco use, chronic friction like ill fitting dentures. HPV infection

Question 4

What is histological features of leukoplakia?

Answer 4

• showing dysplasia and nuclear and cellular pleomorphism and loss of normal maturation.

Question 5

What is erythroplakia?

Answer 5

• more ominous
• red velvety eroded area
• typically marked dysplasia, and intense inflammation with vascular dilation
• malignant transformation in more than 50%

Question 6

What is oral hairy leukoplakia?

Answer 6

• caused by Epstein barr virus
• usually occurs in immunocompromised patients
• White, confluent, fluffy or hairy hyperkeratonic thickening
• Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis seen in microscopically
• no malignancy.

Question 7

What is squamous cell carcinoma oral cavity?

Answer 7

• may have multiple primary tumors- field cancerization
• erythroplakia, leukoplakia, other lesions
• Risk factors: tobacco, alcohol., ill fitting dentures, HPV infection.

Question 8

How does gross image of squamous cell carcinoma looks like?

Answer 8

• ulceration and induration (firm) of the oral mucosa

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Question 9

Histological image of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes invading the stroma .

Question 10

What is esophageal atresia?

Answer 10

• non canalization of portion of esophagus
• congenital
• vomiting in early baby
• commonly associated with tracheo esophageal fistula

Question 11

Three types of esophageal atresia?

Answer 11

1. blind upper and lower esophagus with thin cord of connective tissue linking two segments
2. blind upper, lower segment with fistula with trachea
3. narrowing fistula between patent esophagus and trachea.

Question 12

Clinical symptoms of esophageal atresia?

Answer 12

• excessive drooling of saliva
• aspiration, pneumonia,
  -chocking and cyanosis
  so heart, neurlogic and genitourinary

Question 13

What is esophageal webs and rings?

Answer 13

Esophageal webs: mucosal protrusion , associated with gastroesophageal reflux, plummer vison syndrome, increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma,