exam 4

Question 1

Which clinical condition is the presence of a calculi within the kidney?

Answer 1

Nephrolithiasis

Question 2

What would not happen when the body responds to dehydration?

Answer 2

Aquaporins decrease

Question 3

In the countercurrent multiplayer which structure is the ‘countercurrent’?

Answer 3

None of these choices

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for increasing water reabsorption

Answer 4

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 5

What part of the nephron does antidiuretic hormone not affect/target

Answer 5

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 6

What occurs in the thin region of the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

Answer 6

Passive Na+ movement

Question 7

What process is likely overwhelmed if a hyperglycemic patients urine sample tests positive for glucose?

Answer 7

Reabsorption

Question 8

Which of the following contributes to inward pressure

Answer 8

All of these choices

Question 9

Which of the following can affect glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 9

All of these choices

Question 10

What is true about glomerular filtration

Answer 10

Plasma proteins stay in the blood

Question 11

Where does the majority of tubular secretion occur?

Answer 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure increased above normal

Answer 12

Net filtration would decrease

Question 13

Fluid found in the glomerular capsule is similar to the plasma except it does not contain

Answer 13

Plasma protein

Question 14

What condition is when one of both testes fail to descend to the scrotum

Answer 14

cryptorchidism

Question 15

An embryo that has implanted outside of the uterus is knowns as

Answer 15

Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 16

During a vasectomy, what structure is cut

Answer 16

Vas deferens

Question 17

Which of the following are correctly paired properties to anatomy of the sperm?

Answer 17

None of these choices

Question 18

In testosterone regulation, what happens when luteinizing hormone binds to leading cells

Answer 18

Increases testosterone production

Question 19

During hormone regulation in females, which hormone stimulates follicles to create estradiol

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

Semen consists of mostly sperm

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Polyspermy is when

Answer 21

Multiple sperm have joined with an egg

Question 22

Without additional signaling, all humans are born female

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which is a secondary sex characteristic

Answer 23

All of these choices

Question 24

What hormone affects appetite control and metabolism

Answer 24

Leptin

Question 25

What hormone is released in response to low levels of glucose in the blood

Answer 25

Glucogon

Question 26

It is important that pepsin is active through the entire digestive tract

Answer 26

False

Question 27

If a patient is lactose intolerant, what symptom would you likely observe

Answer 27

Two of these choices

Question 28

What condition is a reduction of oxygen carrying capacity in a patient due to intrinsic factor being too low

Answer 28

Pernicious anemia

Question 29

What hormone is released by the heart to lower blood pressure

Answer 29

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 30

What is true when comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 30

Nervous: short-durtation for responses Endocrine: long-duration for responses

Question 31

What is most likely to use a second messenger system

Answer 31

Water-soluble hormones

Question 32

In cAMP signaling, what is the enzyme that degrades cAMP when it is no longer needed

Answer 32

Phosphodiesterase

Question 33

What hormone responds to low calcium levels in the blood

Answer 33

None of these choices

Question 34

Desensitizing target cells to hormones can be done by increasing receptor count

Answer 34

False

Question 35

When multiple hormones interact with a target cell, the interaction where one hormone cannot affect the cell without the presence of another hormone is called

Answer 35

Permissiveness

Question 36

Which is not a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary

Answer 36

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 37

Which sign of diabetes mellitus is characterized as excessive thirst

Answer 37

Polydipsia

Question 38

What is the antagonist to the hormone that responds to low calcium levels in the blood

Answer 38

Calcitonin

Question 39

Where in the body would you find active amylase

Answer 39

Mouth and small intestine

Question 40

What vitamin is water soluble

Answer 40

C

Question 41

Which condition is due to when food stays in the colon for too long and too much water is absorbed

Answer 41

Constipation

Question 42

If the parietal cells in the stomach were no longer functional what would be the most abundant enzyme found in the stomach

Answer 42

pepsinogen

Question 43

What would you find in pancreatic juice

Answer 43

All of these choices

Question 44

What enzyme is responsible for cleaving peptides by taking single amino acids one at a time

Answer 44

Carboxypeptidase

Question 45

Which condition is due to too little saliva being made which presents as dry mouth

Answer 45

Xerostomia

Question 46

What is the scientific term for swallowing

Answer 46

deglutition

Question 47

Intrinsic factor is necessary to absorb which vitamin

Answer 47

None of these choices

Question 48

Which process is considered a mechanical breakdown of food

Answer 48

Mastication