Exam 4

Question 1

Infection process of Influenza A

Answer 1

Attachment: Hemagglutinin on the virus binds mucoprotein receptor on respiratory mucus membranes

Penetration: Neuraminidase inactivates the mucoprotein receptor sites which aids in endocytosis

Release of the Viral Genetic Material: Release of the viral genetic material- M2 ion channel that allows H+ ions inside of the capsid, which WEAKENS the M1 matrix protein

Replication: Copying of (-) RNA genome for genetic material

Production of mRNA to produce proteins

Viral Assembly: capsid will form around the genetic material

Buds off from plasma membrane- neuraminidase aids in budding

Question 2

Antigentic drift

Answer 2

subtle changes in each subtype from a single mutation

Question 3

Antigenic shifts

Answer 3

major changes from coinfection from the reassortment of genetic material (segments)

Question 4

How are flu vaccines made?

Answer 4

Recommendations by WHO

Final approval for US vaccine through the FDA

Distribution to drug companies for production

Do this early in the year for the fall vaccine

Question 5

Questions asked when making vaccines

Answer 5

How are they spreading?

Do current vaccine strains protect against newly identified strains?

Is a good vaccine virus strain available that would provide good protection?

What is circulated?