Exam 4 Flashcards
An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is known as a:
Personality Disorder
The cluster of “dramatic” personality disorders includes:
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, ad narcissistic
People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.
Schizotypal
DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of _____ personality disorder.
Antisocial
People with _____ personality disorder display great instability, major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity.
Borderline
The diagnostic features of which personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder?
Avoidant
Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:
Anal retentive
According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many “supertraits,” or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality?
5 OCEAN Openness Contiencsiouness Extraversion Agreeableness Neurotisism
This cluster of personality disorders consists of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.
Odd
This cluster of personality disorders consists of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
Dramatic
When children or adolescents cause a peer to be socially isolated, spread rumors about them, and manipulate their friendships, they are engaging in _____ aggression.
relational
Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one’s clothes is known as:
Enuresis
Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?
Institutionalization
Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a:
parent
Which would lead to the MOST reliable diagnosis of ADHD?
parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales
Which two treatment modalities are MOST commonly applied for ADHD?
drug therapy and behavioral therapy
The exact repetition of phrases spoken by others is known as:
echolalia
Which is an accurate statement about IQ scores?
IQ scores have a high correlation with school performance.
Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome?
trisomy 21
In _____, children with intellectual disability are grouped together in a separate, specially designated educational program.
special education
The field of psychology that is dedicated to the mental health of the elderly is called:
geropsychology
What is a correct statement about anxiety disorders in later life?
Individuals older than 85 report higher rates of the disorder than those between 65 and 84.
Symptoms of which disorder have been found to lessen in later life?
schizophrenia
Twisted protein fibers are found within the cells of the _____ and other brain areas of people who died from Alzheimer’s disease.
hippocampus
_____ has been found to be caused by a slow-acting virus, and this has lent some weight to the viral theory of schizophrenia.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Alzheimer’s disease can only be diagnosed with certainty by means of a(n):
autopsy.
_____ is an explanation for Alzheimer’s disease that suggests that changes in aging brain cells may trigger an autoimmune response that leads to the disease.
Autoimmune theory
_____ is a disorder marked by a significant decline in at least one area of cognitive functioning.
Neurocognitive disorder
Which of the following is NOT part of the DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease?
Cognitive deficits interfere with the individual’s everyday independence.
_____ is the second leading cause of death among the elderly.
Cancer
When people are judged mentally unstable at the time of their crimes and therefore innocent of wrongdoing, they are found to be:
not guilty by reason of insanity.
About what percentage of defendants plead insanity?
less than 1 percent
The most common criticism of the insanity defense is that:
dangerous criminals escape punishment.
Which type of criminal may be committed to a hospital or treatment facility before serving his or her full prison term?
sex offenders
People can be forced to undergo mental health treatment through a process known as:
civil commitment.
The length of an emergency commitment varies from state to state, but _____ day(s) is often the limit.
3
State rulings have consistently granted patients the right to refuse _____, the most irreversible dangerous form of physical treatment.
psychosurgery
Which statement is accurate about eyewitness testimony?
Witnesses who are “absolutely certain” in their identification are no more likely to be accurate than those who are only “fairly sure.”
When the issue of _____ is raised, the judge orders a psychological evaluation as an inpatient.
competence
_____ of prisoners are diagnosed with a personality disorder.
52%
Lack of responsiveness and social reciprocity, extreme aloofness, lack interest in other people, low empathy, communication problems, and inability to share attention with others. 80 % are male. May display motor movements that are unusual, rigid, and repetitive. This is what disorder?
Autism Spectrum Disorder
____ is repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one’s clothing. Usually involuntary, affecting about 1.5-3% of children and is more common in boys than girls. It may stem from stress, biological factors such as constipation, improper toilet training, or a combo of these.
Treatment includes behavioral and medical approaches or a combo of both
Encopresis
_____is not classified as a disorder in the DSM-5. It is the general term for neurocognitive disorders that are characterized by an inability to learn new information or recall old information.
Diagnosis is either mild or major neurocognitive disorder
Has at least one of aphasia or apraxia or agnosia
Dementia
Problems with executing motor tasks
Apraxia
Inability to speak, write, or understand
Aphasia
Problems recognizing friends, family, or themselves in the mirror
Agnosia
This abnormal entanglement of tau proteins in Alzheimerz’ is called _____.
Neurofibrillary tangles.
_____ provide structure in the neuron. These are created by ____ _____.
Microtubule, Tau proteins
________ Disease
Most common type of dementia
Begins with initial problem with both memory and executive functioning
Progressive degenerative disease
Attention and language
Hallucinations and delusions
Final stage- complete memory loss, 8 to 10 yrs from onset
Alzheimers
_____ disease characterized by:
Slow, progressive loss of motor function
Trembling hands, shuffling walk, muscular rigidity
50% develop dementia
Causes damage to dopamine-releasing neurons in the substantia nigra
Parkinson’s
____ ____Dementia
A type of protein that builds up inside some types of neurons and can cause them to die
Stiffness of movement and shuffling gait
Memory and motor control neurons most affected
Early stages marked by visual hallucinations
Lewy Body Dementia
______disease is gradually progressive and is marked by memory impairment. It is technically diagnosed on DSM-5 as mild or major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease which depends on the severity of the disease.
Alzheimer’s
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the legal term that refers to someone’s potential to harm self or others. Severity Imminence Frequency Probability
Dangerousness
______is a legal term and not used in DSM-5
Addresses whether someone was criminally responsible at the time they committed the
Insanity
_____ ____ means that a defendant’s crime was the product of action and intention to perform that action.
Criminally responsible
Which test? There is a presence of a mental disorder/defect
Lack of comprehension about the nature or wrongfulness of the act
At the time of committing the act:
Knew what he/she was doing?
Knew that the act was wrong?
M’Naghten test
Which test ?
Defendant knew that behavior was wrong based on the M’Naghten test.
Performed the act because of an irresistible impulse
Capacity to control
Irresistible Impulse test
Which test?
Determines whether the irresistible impulse was due to a mental defect or disorder at the time of the crime
Based off of the irresistible impulse test
Defect causes criminal conduct
The Durham test
Which Test?
More coherent and cohesive tests than the others
Lack substantial capacity to appreciate behavior was wrong due to mental/ cognitive defect
Has diminished ability to make behavior conform to the law
American Legal Institute Test
_____ personality disorder- pattern of attention seeking behavior including inappropriate seductiveness and dramatic emotionality.
Histrionic
____ personality disorder pattern of distrust suspiciousness. Interpret others’ motives as malevolent. Don’t confide in others.
Paranoid
______pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted emotions
Schizoid
_______ Personality Disorder- characterized by an inflated sense of importance, an excessive desire to be admired, and a lack of empathy
Narcissitic
the “_______” personality disorders, including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.
Anxious
_______ personality disorder-in which people are chronically preoccupied with criticisms and rejection across situations. Marked by extreme social inhibition that stems from feeling inadequate and being overly sensitive to negative evaluation. They want to be around people but they deeply fear criticism and rejection.
Avoidant
_______pattern of behavior based on the belief that one cannot care for one’s self.
Dependent
______Personality Disorder-pattern of behavior based on excessive concern with perfection.
Obsessive Compulsive
________Personality Disorder- manifests itself in childhood or adolescence. Cold hearted and lack empathy, indifferent, intolerant, impatient,reckless, does not conform.
Antisocial Personality
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Is a psychological disorder of childhood characterized by the violation of the basic rights of others or of societal norms that are appropriate to the individuals age 4 behaviors: Aggression to people and animals Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violation of rule
Conduct
