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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is known as a:

A

Personality Disorder

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2
Q

The cluster of “dramatic” personality disorders includes:

A

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, ad narcissistic

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3
Q

People with _____ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

A

Schizotypal

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4
Q

DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of _____ personality disorder.

A

Antisocial

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5
Q

People with _____ personality disorder display great instability, major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity.

A

Borderline

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6
Q

The diagnostic features of which personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder?

A

Avoidant

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7
Q

Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:

A

Anal retentive

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8
Q

According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many “supertraits,” or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality?

A 
5 OCEAN
Openness
Contiencsiouness 
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neurotisism
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9
Q

This cluster of personality disorders consists of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.

A

Odd

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10
Q

This cluster of personality disorders consists of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.

A

Dramatic

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11
Q

When children or adolescents cause a peer to be socially isolated, spread rumors about them, and manipulate their friendships, they are engaging in _____ aggression.

A

relational

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12
Q

Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one’s clothes is known as:

A

Enuresis

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13
Q

Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?

A

Institutionalization

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14
Q

Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a:

A

parent

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15
Q

Which would lead to the MOST reliable diagnosis of ADHD?

A

parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales

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16
Q

Which two treatment modalities are MOST commonly applied for ADHD?

A

drug therapy and behavioral therapy

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17
Q

The exact repetition of phrases spoken by others is known as:

A

echolalia

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18
Q

Which is an accurate statement about IQ scores?

A

IQ scores have a high correlation with school performance.

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19
Q

Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome?

A

trisomy 21

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20
Q

In _____, children with intellectual disability are grouped together in a separate, specially designated educational program.

A

special education

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21
Q

The field of psychology that is dedicated to the mental health of the elderly is called:

A

geropsychology

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22
Q

What is a correct statement about anxiety disorders in later life?

A

Individuals older than 85 report higher rates of the disorder than those between 65 and 84.

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23
Q

Symptoms of which disorder have been found to lessen in later life?

A

schizophrenia

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24
Q

Twisted protein fibers are found within the cells of the _____ and other brain areas of people who died from Alzheimer’s disease.

A

hippocampus

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25
Q

_____ has been found to be caused by a slow-acting virus, and this has lent some weight to the viral theory of schizophrenia.

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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26
Q

Alzheimer’s disease can only be diagnosed with certainty by means of a(n):

A

autopsy.

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27
Q

_____ is an explanation for Alzheimer’s disease that suggests that changes in aging brain cells may trigger an autoimmune response that leads to the disease.

A

Autoimmune theory

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28
Q

_____ is a disorder marked by a significant decline in at least one area of cognitive functioning.

A

Neurocognitive disorder

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Cognitive deficits interfere with the individual’s everyday independence.

30
Q

_____ is the second leading cause of death among the elderly.

A

Cancer

31
Q

When people are judged mentally unstable at the time of their crimes and therefore innocent of wrongdoing, they are found to be:

A

not guilty by reason of insanity.

32
Q

About what percentage of defendants plead insanity?

A

less than 1 percent

33
Q

The most common criticism of the insanity defense is that:

A

dangerous criminals escape punishment.

34
Q

Which type of criminal may be committed to a hospital or treatment facility before serving his or her full prison term?

A

sex offenders

35
Q

People can be forced to undergo mental health treatment through a process known as:

A

civil commitment.

36
Q

The length of an emergency commitment varies from state to state, but _____ day(s) is often the limit.

A

3

37
Q

State rulings have consistently granted patients the right to refuse _____, the most irreversible dangerous form of physical treatment.

A

psychosurgery

38
Q

Which statement is accurate about eyewitness testimony?

A

Witnesses who are “absolutely certain” in their identification are no more likely to be accurate than those who are only “fairly sure.”

39
Q

When the issue of _____ is raised, the judge orders a psychological evaluation as an inpatient.

A

competence

40
Q

_____ of prisoners are diagnosed with a personality disorder.

A

52%

41
Q

Lack of responsiveness and social reciprocity, extreme aloofness, lack interest in other people, low empathy, communication problems, and inability to share attention with others. 80 % are male. May display motor movements that are unusual, rigid, and repetitive. This is what disorder?

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

42
Q

____ is repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one’s clothing. Usually involuntary, affecting about 1.5-3% of children and is more common in boys than girls. It may stem from stress, biological factors such as constipation, improper toilet training, or a combo of these.
Treatment includes behavioral and medical approaches or a combo of both

A

Encopresis

43
Q

_____is not classified as a disorder in the DSM-5. It is the general term for neurocognitive disorders that are characterized by an inability to learn new information or recall old information.
Diagnosis is either mild or major neurocognitive disorder
Has at least one of aphasia or apraxia or agnosia

A

Dementia

44
Q

Problems with executing motor tasks

A

Apraxia

45
Q

Inability to speak, write, or understand

A

Aphasia

46
Q

Problems recognizing friends, family, or themselves in the mirror

A

Agnosia

47
Q

This abnormal entanglement of tau proteins in Alzheimerz’ is called _____.

A

Neurofibrillary tangles.

48
Q

_____ provide structure in the neuron. These are created by ____ _____.

A

Microtubule, Tau proteins

49
Q

________ Disease
Most common type of dementia
Begins with initial problem with both memory and executive functioning
Progressive degenerative disease
Attention and language
Hallucinations and delusions
Final stage- complete memory loss, 8 to 10 yrs from onset

A

Alzheimers

50
Q

_____ disease characterized by:
Slow, progressive loss of motor function
Trembling hands, shuffling walk, muscular rigidity
50% develop dementia
Causes damage to dopamine-releasing neurons in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s

51
Q

____ ____Dementia
A type of protein that builds up inside some types of neurons and can cause them to die
Stiffness of movement and shuffling gait
Memory and motor control neurons most affected
Early stages marked by visual hallucinations

A

Lewy Body Dementia

52
Q

______disease is gradually progressive and is marked by memory impairment. It is technically diagnosed on DSM-5 as mild or major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease which depends on the severity of the disease.

A

Alzheimer’s

53
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the legal term that refers to someone’s potential to harm self or others. 
Severity
Imminence 
Frequency
Probability
A

Dangerousness

54
Q

______is a legal term and not used in DSM-5

Addresses whether someone was criminally responsible at the time they committed the

A

Insanity

55
Q

_____ ____ means that a defendant’s crime was the product of action and intention to perform that action.

A

Criminally responsible

56
Q

Which test? There is a presence of a mental disorder/defect
Lack of comprehension about the nature or wrongfulness of the act
At the time of committing the act:
Knew what he/she was doing?
Knew that the act was wrong?

A

M’Naghten test

57
Q

Which test ?
Defendant knew that behavior was wrong based on the M’Naghten test.
Performed the act because of an irresistible impulse
Capacity to control

A

Irresistible Impulse test

58
Q

Which test?
Determines whether the irresistible impulse was due to a mental defect or disorder at the time of the crime
Based off of the irresistible impulse test
Defect causes criminal conduct

A

The Durham test

59
Q

Which Test?
More coherent and cohesive tests than the others
Lack substantial capacity to appreciate behavior was wrong due to mental/ cognitive defect
Has diminished ability to make behavior conform to the law

A

American Legal Institute Test

60
Q

_____ personality disorder- pattern of attention seeking behavior including inappropriate seductiveness and dramatic emotionality.

A

Histrionic

61
Q

____ personality disorder pattern of distrust suspiciousness. Interpret others’ motives as malevolent. Don’t confide in others.

A

Paranoid

62
Q

______pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted emotions

A

Schizoid

63
Q

_______ Personality Disorder- characterized by an inflated sense of importance, an excessive desire to be admired, and a lack of empathy

A

Narcissitic

64
Q

the “_______” personality disorders, including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.

A

Anxious

65
Q

_______ personality disorder-in which people are chronically preoccupied with criticisms and rejection across situations. Marked by extreme social inhibition that stems from feeling inadequate and being overly sensitive to negative evaluation. They want to be around people but they deeply fear criticism and rejection.

A

Avoidant

66
Q

_______pattern of behavior based on the belief that one cannot care for one’s self.

A

Dependent

67
Q

______Personality Disorder-pattern of behavior based on excessive concern with perfection.

A

Obsessive Compulsive

68
Q

________Personality Disorder- manifests itself in childhood or adolescence. Cold hearted and lack empathy, indifferent, intolerant, impatient,reckless, does not conform.

A

Antisocial Personality

69
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Is a psychological disorder of childhood characterized by the violation of the basic rights of others or of societal norms that are appropriate to the individuals age
4 behaviors:
Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness or theft
Serious violation of rule
A

Conduct

Abnormal Psychology (1 decks)

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