Exam

Question 1

Multicellular VS unicellular

Answer 1

Mulicellular- cells specialized for particular functions

Unicellular- consist of one cell

Question 2

Two components of cell theory

Answer 2

1) cells are the units of structure and function in all organisms
2) all cells come from pre existing cells

Question 3

Who is Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 3

Dutch- designed microscope to study bacteria

Question 4

Hooke

Answer 4

Cork layer and saw compartments (cells)

Question 5

Light microscope

Answer 5

Light passes through small or thinly sliced organism

Question 6

Phase contrast microscope

Answer 6

Differences in light and dark making cell structure more visible

Question 7

Electron microscope

Answer 7

Uses electron beams

Question 8

What is evolution?

Answer 8

A change through time in species

Question 9

Example of evolution

Answer 9

Peppered moths: industry caused mutation of black moths to adapt to dark environment

Question 10

What are species?

Answer 10

Organisms closely related that they can mate and reproduce.

Question 11

3 Distinctness in species:

Answer 11

1) behavioural
2) geographical
3) physical differences

Question 12

What is reproductive isolation ?

Answer 12

The inability of groups to breed successfully. Ex) and elephant an crab cannot reproduce offspring

Question 13

What is a variation?

Answer 13

Differences among individuals o. The same species.

Question 14

Artificial selection

Answer 14

Selective breeding of domestic plants and animals to encourage desirable traits

Question 15

Natural selection

Answer 15

Mechanism of evolution- adaptation to environment are more likely to survive

Question 16

Adaptations

Answer 16

Characteristics that enable members of a species to survive and reproduce.

Question 17

Lamarks theory and example

Answer 17

Acquired characteristics are passed on to offspring
Ex) giraffes stretch their necks to reach tall leaves, the effort genetically changes them and the longer neck is passed on to offspring.

Question 18

Darwins theory and example

Answer 18

Means of natural selection
Ex) he suggested any Populations of giraffes have variations. Those with longer necks can reach more leaves and is better fed. The stronger survive

Question 19

Give an example of how predation can be more beneficial to the prey than some other limiting factor

Answer 19

Wolf is predator and bunny is prey. Wolf hunts the weak ones and therefore the ones who survive will eat more and reproduce to create more fast and stronger bunnies

Question 20

2 density independent factors

Answer 20

Lack of oxygen and temperature

Question 21

What is nitrogen fixation?

Answer 21

Changing of nitrogen gas into usable form of bacteria

Question 22

What is denitrification?

Answer 22

Process which nitrogen is released from soil by denitrifying bacteria

Question 23

Compare and contrast latitudinal and altitudinal succession.

Answer 23

Latitudinal- succession of a community type from equator to poles
Altitudinal- succession from low to high altitudes

Question 24

What is biosphere?

Answer 24

World of life

Question 25

What is acid rain?

Answer 25

Combined with water and oxygen in air to form acids that lower PH of rain

Question 26

Alternate solutions to pest control

Answer 26

Autocidal- sterilize males
Genetics- create pest resistant crops
Hormones - alter development pattern of insects

Question 27

5 levels of organization

Answer 27

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organism