Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology III > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

In what cortical layer would you find mostly axons?

A

Layer I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inhibitory granule cells release primarily what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the human cerebral cortex the largest percentage of cortical tissue produce movements when electrically stimulated

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which cortical association area is associated with executive functions of behavior?

A

prefrontal association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

norepinephrine projections to widespread cortical areas, originates primarily from which of the following areas?

A

locus ceruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most incoming sensory signals terminate in what cortical layer?

A

layer IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the major efferent output from cortex to the spinal cord originate from which cells?

A

pyramidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cortical neurons in the association areas can change their functions as functional demand changes

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cortical neurons that fire, when we observe somebody doing something that helps us relate to what they are doing and perhaps is important in our acquiring those motor skills describes which of the following neurons?

A

mirror neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what pathway is important in emotional response transfer between anterior portions of right and left temporal lobes?

A

anterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the normal function of cells in the orbital frontal cortex?

A

function as an error detector, fire when expectation not met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most left handed individuals have the following cortical dominance?

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in individuals that have their corpus callosum (split brain) cut, the left hemisphere tends to match objects based on which of the following criteria?

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in individuals that have their corpus callosum (split brain) cut, the right hemisphere tends to match objects based on which of the following criteria?

A

apperance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

after identification of a face, projections from the fusiform gyrus to which area allow us to gage the emotional significance, if any, of what has been identified?

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

after Phineas Gage recovered which of the following statements is true?

A

made a full physical recovery, but personality altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which of the following is not associated with a prefrontal lobotomy?

A

increased level of aggressiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

normally what allows the bulk of information transfer between cerebral hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in most people the right cortex is actually dominate for which of the following functions?

A

non-verbral visual experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is on function of the ventromedial region of the frontal lobe?

A

processing of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

one major side effect electroconvulsive shock therapy for depression is which of the following?

A

memory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the size of a cortical cell body correlates best with which of the following?

A

length of its axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

every cubic inch of cerebral cortex has about how many miles of nerve fibers in it?

A

10,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which of the following areas is most important in declarative/reflective/episodic memory function?

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which area is important in reflexive learning or memory, i.e. physical skills repeated over and over

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the hippocampus receives its primary input from the entorhinal cortex via which two pathways?

A

alveolar and perforant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which of the following areas promotes more flexible associations with memory function, i.e. recognizing a business colleague at the grocery store

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

in memory, the links between individual neurons, which bind them into a single memory are formed through which process?

A

long term potentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what maintains long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons and is thought to be important in consolidation of memory?

A

protein kinase M zeta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in response to repetitive benign stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sensitization

A

seen following a noxious stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Imitative learning

A

important in acquisition of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

innervated cells release what substances that promote proper innervation of those cells?

A

nerve growth factors

34
Q

what are controls the overall level of cortical activity, is excitatory, and a lesion here will likely result in coma?

A

reticular formation of the pons

35
Q

following his hippocampal removal, what memory function is still intact?

A

reflexive memory

36
Q

which of the following neurotransmitters is not associated with wakefulness?

A

serotonin

37
Q

strong stimulation in the central gray surrounding the aqueduct of sylvius is associated with which of the following?

A

unpleasant feeling

38
Q

norepinephrine

A

locus ceruleus

39
Q

dopamine

A

substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area

40
Q

acetylcholine

A

magnocellular nucleus

41
Q

serotonin

A

nuclei of raphe

42
Q

glutamate

A

intralaminar area of thalamus

43
Q

which of the following areas exert control over both, SNS and parasympathetic nervous system, as well as the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

44
Q

stimulation in this area will cause an animal to stop the undesired behavior?

A

central gray around the aqueduct of Sylvius

45
Q

what are the two basic emotional states?

A

conservation and arousal

46
Q

which hypothalamic nuclei when stimulated is associated with rage, fighting, thirst.

A

lateral hypothalamus

47
Q

satiety and tranquility is associated with stimulation of what hypothalamic nucleus/area?

A

ventralmedial nucleus

48
Q

which area of the cortex functions as a gutter, which highly processed sensory signals drain into after complex sensory processing?

A

hippocampus

49
Q

increased sympathetic nervous system activity has what effect on production of antibodies?

A

inhibits

50
Q

lymphocytes possess receptors for neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and acetylcholine

A

true

51
Q

what pituitary gland hormone can counteract the fever producing effects of IL-1?

A

alpha MSH

52
Q

after injury, IL-1 stimulates the synthesis and secretion of which of the following?

A

nerve growth factor

53
Q

spinal cord injury patients have decreased functions of which of the following?

A

NK cells, T cells, cellular adhesion molecules (CAM’s)

54
Q

which of the following anterior pituitary hormones can stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and antibody synthesis?

A

growth hormone, prolactin

55
Q

beta endorphins inhibit/stimulate the activity of T, B and NK cells

A

stimulate

56
Q

experimentally if two adjacent digits are sewn together, the following might be expected to occur?

A

cortical reorganization, whereby the two digits cannot be controlled individually

57
Q

in mice who were immobilized, and given the vaccinia virus, what treatment prevented the high mortality normally seen with these stressors

A

PM melatonin injection

58
Q

in neonatal mice thymectomy causes which of the following?

A

increased number of degranulated acidophilic cells in the anterior pituitary

59
Q

in old mice, what restores thymic capacity to produce thymulin?

A

L-thyroxine

60
Q

compare the regenerative capacity in the PNS vs. the CNS

A

PNS > CNS

61
Q

in the adult human where has neurogenesis been shown to occur?

A

hippocampus

62
Q

the cerebral cortex has the capacity to reorganize itself in the face of reduced or enhanced afferent input

A

true

63
Q

what effect does removal of the pituitary gland have on the body’s ability to mount a local inflammatory response to a chemical applied to the skin?

A

decreases

64
Q

what is a source of GABAergic projections that inhibit the ventral tegmental area?

A

nucelus accumbens

65
Q

what is the major source of dopaminergic projections in the pleasure circuit of the rat?

A

ventral tegmental area

66
Q

In the brain, what cells are coupled together via gap junctions and forms a functional syncytium that allows for the spread of calcium waves?

A

astrocytes

67
Q

what glia are involved in pH regulation in the brain

A

Oligodendrocytes

68
Q

astrocytes both synthesize and uptake neurotransmitters from the ECF in the brain

A

true

69
Q

bilateral ablation of the amygdala is associated with

A

loss of fear, increased sex drive, excessive tendency to examine objects orally, changes in dietary habits

70
Q

with regards to a typical night’s sleep

A

slow wave sleep is interrupted by increasing periods of REM, in REM sleep most skeletal muscle is in a paralysis state, a person usually awakens spontaneously from REM

71
Q

REM-off cells which become silent during REM, are associated with which of the following nuclei?

A

locus ceruleus

72
Q

stimulation of which of the following is sleep promoting?

A

anterior hypothalamic preoptic region

73
Q

which of the following functions as a sleep modulating center

A

nucleus basalis (Meynert)

74
Q

lesions in the what nuclei will initially produce insomnia?

A

raphe nucleus

75
Q

during what sleep stage is the cortical EEG highly desynchronized and similar to being awake?

A

REM

76
Q

eyes open

A

asynchrony

77
Q

what prostaglandin which is highly concentrated in the preoptic nucleus and induces both slow wave and REM sleep?

A

PGD 2

78
Q

how can sleep deprivation promote fat storage?

A

lack of sleep decreases growth hormone levels, a powerful lipolytic agent

79
Q

a sort of paralysis normally occurs during REM sleep, to keep you from physically acting out dreams, which is reflected by which of the following changes?

A

30% increase in rheobase in motor neurons

80
Q

stimulation of what nerve may be effective at preventing seizures?

A

vagus

81
Q

how could chiropractic intervention most likely decrease incidence of seizures?

A

by decreasing abnormal nerve traffic into the CNS

82
Q

stimulation of GABA receptors have what effect?

A

open Cl- channels

Physiology III (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions