Exam Flashcards
Reformation
Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches in Europe
Islam
Religion based on the teachings of Muhammad and the scripture known as the Quran
Mosque
Place of worship for Muslims
Jerusalem
City that is sacred to all 3 monotheistic religions
Monotheistic Religions
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, all trace roots to the Hebrew bible
95 Theses
Beginning of the Protestant Reformation; written by Martin Luther
Renaissance
“Rebirth” from 1300-1700; Emphasis on the Indiviualism
Leonardo da Vinci
Scientist and artist of the Renaissance
Gutenburg Printing Press
Invented by Johann Gutenberg; his contribution to the Renaissance
Hanry VII
Established the Church of England when the Catholic church and the Vatican refused to grant him a divorce
Aztecs
Inhabited Mexico in the 13th century, had a single ruler, and achieved their empire through conquests
Mayans
South American civilization, had greatest early achievements in the field of astronomy
Vasco de Gama
Found trade routes between India and Europe
Columbian Exchange
Improved standards through food crops and heavily impacted the Americas by the spread of disease, affected Plains cultures by giving them horses for hunting
Indentured Servant
Type of worker who signed a contract to perform work without wages for a set number of years in return for transportation to Colonial America
Encomienda System
Forced labor of indigenous people in the Americas
Ferdinand Magellan
His voyage proved it is possible to sail around the world
Thirty Years’ War
Conflict between Europe Protestants and Hapsburg Catholics from 1618 and 1648
Oliver Cromwell
General of the Puritans in the English Civial war, later ruled the country and abolishes the monarchy
Edict of Nantes
Declared by Hanry IV of France saying Huguenots could live in peace in France
Japanese Farming
Impacted by physiographic feature of mountain, 1/4 of the land is mountanious, there is limited flat land for farming or human settlement
John Locke
“Two Treatieses of Government”; foundation for representative government, ideas expressed in the Enlightenment and in the US Constitution
Baron de Montequieu
Came up with the idea of the separation of powers
Robert Boyle
Consisdered the founder of mondern chemistry
Voltaire
Fought for tolerance and freedom of speech; jailed and exiled because of his teachings
Enlightenment
Affected people’s political and religious views by questioning faith and the world around them, caused by Renaissance and Reformation
French and Indian War
Fought between Britain and France over territory in North America, Britian won
Boston Tea Party
Boston colonists dump tea into Boston harbor because of anger over imprt tax on tea
Heliocentric Theory
Sun-centered theory of the universe, developed by Copernicus
Thomas Hobbes
Believed absolute monarch was the best form of government
Adam Smith
Enlightenment thinker that criticized mercantilism and proposed free trade
Napoleonic Code
Developed by Napoleon, influenced laws of new countries
Causes of French Revolution
Main cause was increased taxes, also the French were greatly inspired by the American Revolution
Estates General
Legislative system of the Old regime of France in which the First and Second Estates could always out-vote the Third
Maximillon Robspierre
Gained power in 1793, rule known as Reign of Terror, also changed the French calendar, closed all churches, and did away with Sundays
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France at the beginning of French Revolution, originally from Austria
Unification of Germany
Caused by Prussia uniting Germanic peoples
Mahatma Gandhi
Inspired by nationalism, affected Indian society by opposing British rule through civil disobedience
Industrial Revolution
Led to the rise of labor unions and lower transportaion cost, caused by the use of interchangeable parts manufacturing, most factory workers experienced a repititve simple task during this time
Seed Drill
Allowed England to industriallize before before other countries becuase it decreased the need for agricultural workers
Industrialization in England
Caused improvements in farming techniques and population growth
Textiles
Industry that enabled Industrial Revolution to spread from Great Britain to the US
Capitalism
An economic system in which the factors of productiona re privately owned and money is invested to make a profit
The Ten Hous Act
Law passed in 1847 the limited the workday to ten hours for women children
Causes of WWI
Complex alliances among European Powers
Treaty of Versailles
Held Germany responsible for WWI, payment of war reprations angered Germans the most
Tanks (WWI)
First introduced by Britain in WWI
Trench Warfare
Warfare tactic used in WWI in response to improvements in weaponry
Submarine Warfare (WWI)
Used by Germaans in WWI to counter the British naval blockade of their shores
Schlieffan Plan
Called for Germany defeating France in the west and the rushing east to fight Russia, ruined by Germany’s defeat at the First Battle of the Marne in WWI
Zimmerman Note
Telegram from Germany to Mexico that provoked U.S. entry into WWI
Bolsheviks
More radical group of revolutionaries that followed Karl Marx’s ideas
Five-Year Plans
Outlined by Stalin for economic devloment; called for impossibly high quotas of coal, oil, and steel and limited production of consumer goods
Bloody Sudnay
Nicholas II ordered protestors fired upon when they marched to the palace in Petrograd in 1905
Joseph Stalin
Totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union who limited people’s rights and ruled for over 20 years
Totalitarian States
Used propaganda and censorship to control the hearts and inds of their citizenry
New Deal
Consisted of large public works programs to provide jobs proposed by Roosevelt to help stop the Great Depression
Dawes Plan
$200 million loan from U.S. to Germany in 1923; helped Germany recover from the 1923 inflation and set a more realistic schedule for its reparation payments
Adolf Hitler
Believed nationalsim would improve social and economic problems in Germany
Francisco Franco
Led the authoritarian grovernment that emerged in Spain following the Spanish civil war
Blitzkrieg
Germeny’s plicy of attacking suddenly in WWII
Charles de Gaulle
Franch genral who set up government-in exile in London when France became occupied by Germany in WWII
General Erwin Rommel
German genreal who led forces in Egypt also known as the “desert fox”
Battle of Britan
Began in the summer of 1940 witht he Luftwaffe boming London
Scorched-Earth Policy
Used by the Soviet Union as a strategy during Germany’s invation in 1941
Atomic Bomb
Used to end WWII in the Pacific because it was believed an invation of Japan would cost too many casualties; authorized President Truman
United Nations
Organization founded after WWII to maintain international peace and social progress
“Baby Boomers”
Generation of people born after WWII during strong economic growth of teh post-WWII period
Peal Harbor
Japanese attacked because the U.S. implementedan oil embargo against Japan
Bataan Death March
March of over 50 miles in the Philippines in which the Japanese killed over 16,000 prisoners of war
Kristallnacht
Happened on November 9, 1938, Nazi mobs attacked Jews in the streets and destroyed Jewish businesses
Concentration Camp
Jewish prisoners were divided upon arrival
Extermination
Final stage of genocide in which Nazi Germany used gas chambers on the Jewish prisoners
NATO and the Marshall Plan
shared the same goal of containing the spread of communism
Apartheid
Term used to describe lows no longer in effect in South Aftrica the separtated the races
