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Visual Comm > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

A form of psychology that studied visual perception. (Looked at the relationship between the parts and the whole of visual experience.)

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2
Q

What are the 5 Gestalt theories and what are they used for?

A 
Proximity
Similarity
Pragnanz
Figure-Ground
Closure
They are universal processes to describe how er view the world.
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3
Q

Explain Proximity

A

Things that are close together are perceived as more related.

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4
Q

Explain Similarity

A

Elements that are similar are seen as being more closely related.

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5
Q

Explain Pragnanz

A

We have a tendency to see things as simple and complete. :P

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6
Q

Explain Figure-Ground

A

We see things as figures (the focus) or ground (everything else)

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7
Q

Explain Closure

A

The tendency to see individual elements as a single recognizable pattern.

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8
Q

What is meant by “the act of looking”?

A

Seeing is what we do automatically, but looking is a voluntary process. They are different things.

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9
Q

Who was Emmett Louis Till?

A

Black man who was beaten to death. Example of how imagery can have a profound effect on people.

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10
Q

What does the word representation refer to?

A

the use of language and image to create meaning about the world around us. Is never objective.

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11
Q

What is connotation?

A

An associated or suggested meaning of a word.

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12
Q

What is denotation?

A

The explicit meaning of a word.

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13
Q

Explain Positivism

A

The belief that photos are objective with no bias. Empirical truth can be proven through experimentation.

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14
Q

What is an ideology?

A

A system of belief that exists in cultures. Images project and produce ideologies.

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15
Q

What makes something rare and authentic?

A

Value arises from status according to art historians. Tortured artist can also raise the price.

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16
Q

What is important about “the fountain”/urinal?

A

it contested what made things art and what makes art valuable.

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17
Q

What is meant by viewers make meaning?

A

That something on display in a gallery make it seem more important than if it were sitting in a garbage dump.

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18
Q

What 3 things does the production of meaning involve?

A
  1. Codes and conventions that structure the image
  2. The viewers and how they interpret or experience the image
  3. Context in which the image is exhibited and viewed
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19
Q

What is Interpellation?

A

when and image or text calls out to the viewer personally. (YOU)

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20
Q

What is important about the Rosie poster?

A

Her posture is the same as prophet Isiah. She also has the american flag behind her and is standing on a copy of mein kampf.

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21
Q

What is Hegemony?

A

The belief that power is not wielded by one class over another, but is negotiated through the push and pull among all levels of society.

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22
Q

Who was Barbara Kruger?

A

Your manias become science. Only some people know how science is actually making progress. Your body is a battleground. Biopower establishes a system that is beneficial to people in power. Ideal fat to weight ration, vaccines.

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23
Q

What is the most parodied image?

A

American Gothic. It is always appropriated.

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24
Q

What is Bricolage?

A

Using things for a purpose which is was not intended.

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25
Q

What is the field?

A

Everything including the medium. Helps give context. Each medium has its own connotations, look and feel.

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26
Q

What is modernity spurred from?

A

The industrial revolution and all of the upheaval and change that came with it.

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27
Q

What is discourse?

A

It lets lines and limits be known. Is a group of statements that produce certain ideologies which create institutions. Focuses on madness.

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28
Q

What is Derrida?

A

The idea that we believe that we understand culture because it is the opposite of nature.

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29
Q

What are the two types of realism?

A

Renaissance and neoclassicism.

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30
Q

Explain how renaissance art became more realistic.

A

The perspective and proportions became more realistic. This made the 2D make more sense.

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31
Q

Explain impressionism.

A

Captures chaos, uses colour to portray feelings and emotions.

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32
Q

What did Marx believe the masses to be?

A

Mindless and accepting of everything they are handed.

33
Q

What is hegemony?

A

The idea that the ruling class manipulates everything that people see and thus creates societal norms.

34
Q

What does Antonio Gramsci believe about hegemony?

A

That culture has a push and pull and is not ruled by one class.

35
Q

How did the 90’s change mass media?

A

It was institutionally driven before the 90’s. But then everything became consumer driven and open access so people could seek out info that wasnt in support of capitalist interests.

36
Q

What is therapeutic ethos?

A

The change from work and civic responsibility to leisure, spending and fulfilment.

37
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

the attachment of the value of art to a product can give it the connotation of prestige, tradition and authenticity.

38
Q

What is commodity fetishism?

A

Taking away the meaning of the product and replacing it with meanings that make people feel cool or sexy.

39
Q

what is commodity self?

A

Advertisers wanted certain objects to make people feel like they would have a better life. Everyone became a consumer so this emerged.

40
Q

How do you make things cool?

A

Bring them to the edge of society. Where things are not mainstream.

41
Q

What are anti-ads?

A

Ads showing that the products aren’t actually good for you and you don’t really need them.

42
Q

What did Baudrillard believe?

A

That we have a hyperreality, consisting of things like email, text and skype. You communicate but it is not real. Things are then simulacra.

43
Q

Define simulacra

A

Copies without an original.

44
Q

What is postmodernism?

A

rejection of modernism, everything is cultural and relative. Style is very important as well.

45
Q

What is intertextuality?

A

the insertion of one text into another. Presumes that the reader knows whats going on.

46
Q

What did Sherrie Levine do?

A

questioned the idea of authorship and reproduction.

47
Q

What did Roland Barthes believe?

A

That every reading is different and everyone who reads its interpretation is valid and the truth. There is no hierarchy of interpretation. The author does not matter any more because all interpretations are valid.

48
Q

What does pastiche do?

A

Makes no comment on culture

49
Q

What does parody do?

A

Makes a comment on culture.

50
Q

How do we see scientific imagery? How should we see it?

A

It comes off as objective but we should still be questioning of it.

51
Q

What important statement does the book Make It So make?

A

Design establishes the paradigms that science fiction extends. Works both ways.

52
Q

What did star trek influence?

A

GPS and early cell phone development.

53
Q

Why was the WoW epidemic important?

A

Corrupted blood. the CDC looked at how the community reacted and applied that to the real world.

54
Q

What was the importance of Fold It?

A

It allowed people to solve a folding protein in 10 days that scientists couldn’t solve in years.

55
Q

What can portal be used to teach?

A

Wormhole physics and conservation of momentum.

56
Q

What did Mark Lepper believe?

A

rewarding someone for what they want to do kills it.

57
Q

What is flow?

A

getting so fully immersed in an activity that nothing else matters.

58
Q

What is situated embodiment?

A

Being able to teach by using video games to immerse students than have them review and regurgitate textual information.

59
Q

What are the 5 things that make text less readable?

A
  1. Too condensed
  2. Too extended
  3. Smaller size
  4. Reduced line spacing
  5. Line length is too long
60
Q

Why were italics invented?

A

To save paper since it was expensive. They at 15% less.

61
Q

What are the 4 types of alignment?

A
  1. Flush left
  2. Flush right
  3. Centred
  4. Justified
62
Q

Which kind of type can give you rivers?

A

Justified

63
Q

What is leading?

A

the space between the lines

64
Q

What is tracking?

A

The space between letters

65
Q

What is Kerning?

A

The spacing between two letters. Usually the first two.

66
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Hans Gutenburg

67
Q

Why do we call them upper and lower case?

A

Because they used to be kept in actual cases.

68
Q

What is didot?

A

The extreme differences in thick and thin parts.

69
Q

What is slab serif?

A

Less contrast between thick and thin parts.

70
Q

When and where was typography the most affected?

A

Movements during the 20th century all over Europe.

71
Q

What was the arts and crafts movement?

A

The belief that the old way was the best way. Started by William Morris using 1895 renaissance style.

72
Q

Who made the first rolling type?

A

Jensen

73
Q

What was Art Nouveau strongly influenced by?

A

Japanese Wood Block Prints

74
Q

What is futurism?

A

Founded in Italy. Rejects Classicism.

75
Q

What is Dada?

A

rejects classical because it leads to war. Art for arts sake.

76
Q

What is Bauhaus?

A

Wanted to reconcile everything. Very experimental.

77
Q

What is expressive typography?

A

Type is image, not looking to be read looking to be viewed.

78
Q

What is constructivism?

A

Sees art as a way to build culture and communist society.

79
Q

What is De Stijl?

A

Similar look and feel as constructivism but tied to an idealistic philosophy, rule oriented.

Visual Comm (1 decks)

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