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0
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

The speed in which an object is going at one particular instant and is measured over a short period of time

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1
Q

What is average speed?

A

Average speed = calculated over the whole journey using the total distance and the total time

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2
Q

Speed formula

A

V= d

T

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3
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion at constant speed if the forces on it are balanced

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4
Q

Newton’s second law

A

When an object experiences an unbalanced force it will accelerate in the direction of the unbalanced force

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5
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration = final speed - initial speed

Time

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6
Q

Speed time graph

A 
Speed y axis 
Time x axis 
X axis goes along the time interval (final speed - initial speed) 
Y axis goes up to final speed 
All starts at o
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7
Q

What year was the telescope invented in?

A

1608

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8
Q

Who helped to improve the design of the telescope?

A

Galileo galilei

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9
Q

What is the structure of a telescope?

A

Objective lens
Light tight tube
Eye piece lens

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10
Q

How would you create a clearer and brighter image on a telescope??

A

Wider diameter objective lens

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11
Q

Who suggested the force of gravity?

A

Isaac Newton

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12
Q

What did galileos experiments find??

A

Gravity causes all objects to fall to the ground at the same speed, no matter the mass of an object

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13
Q

What is spectroscopy??

A

By shining white light through a prism, a spectrum of colour is produced known as the visible spectrum
Discovered by Isaac Newton

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14
Q

Why do not all light sources produce a continuous spectrum?

A

Not all wavelengths of light are present

A line spectrum is produced instead

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15
Q

Comet

A

Found in the outermost regions of the solar system
Huge clusters of ice and dust
Travel through the solar system
Attracted by the Suns gravity

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16
Q

Moon

A

Natural satellite that orbits a planet

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17
Q

Planet

A

Spherical object
Found in the solar system
Orbits a central star

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18
Q

Sun

A

Star

Found in the centre of the solar system

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19
Q

Nebula

A

Cloud of gas and dust in space
Regions where new stars are formed
Or regions in which dead or dying Stars remain
Come on many shapes and sizes

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20
Q

Galaxy

A

Collection of solar systems

Billions of galaxy’s make up the universe

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21
Q

Claudius Ptolemy

A

Introduced the early geocentric model of the universe ( Earth at the centre)

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22
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Theorised the heliocentric model of the universe (sun at the centre)

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23
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Improved the heliocentric model of the universe
Noticed that orbits are more elliptical
His mathematical laws of planetary movement are still used

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24
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Suggested the invisible force of gravity
Responsible for the planets staying in orbit around the sun
Moons in orbit around planets

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25
Q

How can line spectrums be used?

A

Astronomers can identify what elements are present in a star by seeing what elements have corresponding lines in their own spectrum

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26
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

It’s a phenomenon that is observed when a sound producing object moves relative to us

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27
Q

Give an example of the Doppler effect

A

Fire engine

As it moves towards you the pitch increases and as it moves away from us the pitch decreases

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28
Q

Why is there a change in pitch in the Doppler effect??

A

It’s due to the changing frequency of the sound waves
As the object moves closer to us the waves get closer together resulting in higher pitch
As the object moves away from us the waves get further apart resulting in a lower pitch

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29
Q

What else is the Doppler effect true for apart from sound waves?

A

Light waves

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30
Q

What are all sounds caused by

A

Vibrations

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31
Q

Why do vibrations cause sound?

A

Vibrations cause sound waves to move through solids liquids and gases

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32
Q

What kind of waves are sound waves

A

Compression waves

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33
Q

What is the frequency of a sound wave

A

The number of waves produced per second

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34
Q

Low frequency ???

A

Low pitch

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35
Q

High pitch ???

A

High frequency

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36
Q

What is the height of a wave

A

Amplitude

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37
Q

Where is the amplitude measured from

A

From the central axis to the crest of the wave or the central axis to the trough

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38
Q

(With regards to sound waves) the higher the amplitude the????

A

Higher the volume

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39
Q

What change in appearance does the wave take when the amplitude is increased or decreased

A

The height of the wave changes but the number of waves stay the same

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40
Q

What are sound levels measured in

A

Decibels (dB)

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41
Q

What is the quietest noise you can hear?

A

0dB

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42
Q

What sound level is normal conversation

A

60dB

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43
Q

What is he danger level for heading and what can happen because of this ?

A

90dB

Constant exposure to this sound level can result in damage to your hearing

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44
Q

What is voltage?

A

A measure of the energy supplies or used up per unit charge

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45
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts (V)

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46
Q

How do you measure voltage?

A

Using a voltmeter

Should be connected in parallel to the component

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47
Q

What is current

A

A measure of the rate of flow of charge

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48
Q

What is current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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49
Q

How do you measure current?

A

Ammeter

Connected in series with the component

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50
Q

What is resistance

A

The opposition to the flow of current through a material

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51
Q

What is resistance measured in

A

Ohms

52
Q

How can you measure resistance

A

With an ohmmeter

53
Q

What is the ratio of voltage to current?

A

For any resistor, the ratio of voltage over it to the current through it (v ) is a constant
—
I
If you increase the voltage the current increases in direct proportion

54
Q

What is the equation for resistance

A

V =IR

Voltage = current
———-
Resistance

55
Q

What is the mains voltage.

A

230V

56
Q

Solids

A

Fixed shape and volume

57
Q

Liquids

A

Fixed volume but no fixed shape

58
Q

Gas particles

A

Free to move very fast and take the shape of their containers

59
Q

What is air pressure caused by

A

Millions of tiny gas particles hitting off surfaces as they move
They except a force which creates pressure

60
Q

Who was the barometer invented by?

A

Evangelista Torricelli

61
Q

What is a barometer

A

Device used to measure air pressure

It can indicate wearer conditions

62
Q

What happens to the air pressure at the top of mountains?

A

The air pressure is thinner causing air pressure to decrease
Humans struggle to breathe because there is less oxygen per unit volume

63
Q

What is used for thrill rides?

A

Highly pressurised compressed gas

64
Q

What is highly pressurised compressed gas used for?

A

Deodorant, body spray, hairspray
Clean intricate machinery
Thrill rides

65
Q

What is heat?

A

A type of energy

66
Q

What is temperature measured in

A

Joules

67
Q

What is temperature?

A

Measure of how hot or cold something is

68
Q

What is temperature measured in?

A

Degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit and kelvin

69
Q

(In relation to particles) what is temperature?

A

A measure of the kinetic energy of a particle

70
Q

What happens to particles when the temperature of an object is increased

A

The particles move more and push surrounding particles further away
Normally solids will melt and liquids will evaporate

71
Q

What is the temperature of absolute zero

A

-273 degrees Celsius

72
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The lowest possible temperature

73
Q

What happens to particles if they reach absolute zero

A

They have almost no kinetic energy and will hardly move at all

74
Q

What temperature is absolute zero on the Klein scale

A

0K

75
Q

Pressure - volume law

A

If the volume is decreased, particles will hit container walls more often, so pressure increases

76
Q

Volume- temperature law

A

If temperature is increases, particles will have more kinetic energy.
Particles will hit container walls with greater force.
If pressure remains constant, volume will increase

77
Q

Pressure-temperature law

A

If temperature is increased, particles will have more kinetic energy.
Particles hit the container wall more often and with greater force
The pressure will increase

78
Q

What is density

A

Density of an object tells how much mass there is per unit volume

79
Q

What is denser in general

Liquids or solids

A

Solids but there are many exceptions to the rule

80
Q

Which is denser

Ice or water

A

Water

81
Q

What is the equation for density

A

Density = mass / volume

82
Q

What will happen when a substance with a high density is placed in a fluid with a low density

A

It will sink

83
Q

What also determines floating and sinking

A

The shape of an object

84
Q

What is red shift

A

When the universe is getting bigger

85
Q

How can all electronic systems be represented

A

By a diagram showing
Input
Process
Output

86
Q

What are input devices

A

They put information into a system
Switches
Sensors
Energy chargers

87
Q

Types of switches

A

Toggle, push, slide

88
Q

Types of sensors

A

Light, heat, temperature

89
Q

Types of energy chargers

A

Microphone, solar cell, thermocouple

90
Q

What are output devices

A 
They give information back to you 
Usually energy chargers 
Changing electrical energy to 
Light (led lamp) 
Sound (speaker, buzzer) 
Movement (motor, solenoid)
91
Q

What a processes?

A 
Logic gates 
They work with and change the information from the inputs 
NOT 
AND 
OR
92
Q

NOT gate

A

Inverter

Changes the output to the opposite of the input

93
Q

AND gate

A

Requires both of the inputs to be at 1 (on) before the output can be at 1
If any of the inputs are at 0 the output with be 0

94
Q

OR gate

A

Requires either of the inputs to be at 1 before the output is at 1

95
Q

If there is an increase of 10dB sound how much louder will the sound get

A

Twice as loud

96
Q

How can all electronic systems be represented

A

By a diagram showing
Input
Process
Output

97
Q

What are input devices

A

They put information into a system
Switches
Sensors
Energy chargers

98
Q

Types of switches

A

Toggle, push, slide

99
Q

Types of sensors

A

Light, heat, temperature

100
Q

Types of energy chargers

A

Microphone, solar cell, thermocouple

101
Q

What are output devices

A 
They give information back to you 
Usually energy chargers 
Changing electrical energy to 
Light (led lamp) 
Sound (speaker, buzzer) 
Movement (motor, solenoid)
102
Q

What a processes?

A 
Logic gates 
They work with and change the information from the inputs 
NOT 
AND 
OR
103
Q

NOT gate

A

Inverter

Changes the output to the opposite of the input

104
Q

AND gate

A

Requires both of the inputs to be at 1 (on) before the output can be at 1
If any of the inputs are at 0 the output with be 0

105
Q

OR gate

A

Requires either of the inputs to be at 1 before the output is at 1

106
Q

If there is an increase of 10dB sound how much louder will the sound get

A

Twice as loud

107
Q

How can all electronic systems be represented

A

By a diagram showing
Input
Process
Output

108
Q

What are input devices

A

They put information into a system
Switches
Sensors
Energy chargers

109
Q

Types of switches

A

Toggle, push, slide

110
Q

Types of sensors

A

Light, heat, temperature

111
Q

Types of energy chargers

A

Microphone, solar cell, thermocouple

112
Q

What are output devices

A 
They give information back to you 
Usually energy chargers 
Changing electrical energy to 
Light (led lamp) 
Sound (speaker, buzzer) 
Movement (motor, solenoid)
113
Q

What a processes?

A 
Logic gates 
They work with and change the information from the inputs 
NOT 
AND 
OR
114
Q

NOT gate

A

Inverter

Changes the output to the opposite of the input

115
Q

AND gate

A

Requires both of the inputs to be at 1 (on) before the output can be at 1
If any of the inputs are at 0 the output with be 0

116
Q

OR gate

A

Requires either of the inputs to be at 1 before the output is at 1

117
Q

If there is an increase of 10dB sound how much louder will the sound get

A

Twice as loud

118
Q

What do all electromagnetic waves have in common

A

They all travel at the speed of light (3x10 8)

They all transverse

119
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves that pass a point per second

120
Q

Speed of sound

A

340 m/s

121
Q

Karaoke machine electronic system

A

Mic
Amplifier
Output

122
Q

Light sensor

A

When it is light it will be at 1

When it is dark it is at zero

123
Q

Temperature sensor

A

Heat 1

No heat 0

124
Q

Sign for density

A

P

125
Q

An example of Newton’s first law

A

Sky divers

126
Q

Newton’s third law

A

When object a excerts a force on object b. Then object b excerts an equal but opposite force on object a

127
Q

How are transverse waves different from longitudinal waves

A

Transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of energy travel
Compression waves are longitudinal, they move with the direction of energy travel

Physics Sports And Motion (2 decks)

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