Exam Flashcards
Acetyl-salicylic acid
A. Anti-platelet/ NSAID
B. Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandin by cyclooxygenase; inhibits platelet aggregation; has antipyretic and analgesic activity
C. ACS, osteoarthirits
Acyclovir
A. Anti-viral
B. Interferes with DNA polymerase to inhibit DNA replication via chain termination
C. Genital herpes
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
A. Catecholamine
B. Strong alpha-adrenergic effects, which cause an increase in cardio output and HR, a decrease in renal perfusion and PVR, and a variable effect on BP, resulting in systemic vasoconstriction and increased vascular permeability
C. Cardiac arrest, asthma.
Alendronate
A. Bisphosphate derivative
B. Bisphosphonate; binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption; decreases mineral release and collagen or matrix breakdown in bone
C. Osteoporsis
Aminophylline
A. Xanthine derivative/ phospho-diesterase enzyme inhibitor.
B. Methylxanthine; directly relaxes smooth muscles of respiratory tract
C. Acute bronchospasm
Amiodarone
A. Anti-arrhythmic (class 3) B. Inhibits adrenergic stimulation; affects potassium channels. Markedly prolongs action potential and repolarization; decreases AV conduction and sinus node function C. V-tach/ V-Fib
Amoxicillin/ Clauvanic acid (co-amoxiclav)
A. Penicillin (Bactericidal)
B. Binds to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls; addition of clavulanate inhibits beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Against both Gr +/-
C. Lower respiratory tract infection/ acute sinusitis
Aripiprazole
A. Anti-pyschotic (2nd gen)/ Atypical
B. Partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin type 1 (5-HT1A) receptors. Antagonist at serotonin type 2 (5-HT2A) receptor.
C. Schizophrenia/ Bipolar disorder
Amitriptyline
A. Antidepressant (TCA)
B. Inhibits re-uptake of serotonin thereby increasing its concentration in the synapse.
C. Depression
Amlodipine
A. Calcium channel blocker.
B. Inhibits transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells this inhibits cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, thereby dilating main coronary and systemic arteries.
C. Hypertension/ CAD/ Angina
Atorvastatin
A. HmG-CoA reductase/ Statins
B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; inhibits rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
C. CAD prophylaxis
Atovaquone/Proguanil
A. anti-malarial
B. Atova… Selective inhibitor of parasite mitochondrial electron transport
Prog… reductase inhibitor in malaria parasite, which leads to disruption of deoxythymidylate synthesis
C. Malaria
Atropine
A. Anti-cholinergic (against parasympathetic system)
B. Anti-muscarinic; inhibits action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands. Increases cardiac output and dries secretions
C. Cycloplegia (paralyse ciliary muscle in eye)
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
A. Penicillin G (narrow spectrum)
B. Interferes with synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms.
C. Cellulitis/ infective endocarditis/ syphillis/ meningitis/ pneumonia/ septicaemia
Bevacizumab
A. Antineoplastic
B. Recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody to VEGF; blocks the angiogenic molecule VEGF thereby inhibiting tumour angiogenesis, starving tumour of blood and nutrients.
C. Metastatic colorectal cancer/ non-small cell lung cancer/ breast cancer
Bevacizumab (bare jokes option)
A. Anti-cancer
B. Stops cancer
C. Cancer
Keep going :) :)
You pharmacology stud ;)
Bisacodyl
A. Laxative
B. Irritates smooth muscle of intestine and possibly colonic intramural plexus, thus in turn increasing peristalsis
C. Helps you to poop/ constipation
Bisoprolol
A. Beta Blocker
B. Blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation; cardioselective for beta-1 at low doses with little or no effect on beta-2 receptors.
C.Hypertension/ heart failure
Bromazepam
A. Benzodiazepine
B. Binds to BZ receptors, increases concentration of GABA, GABA binds to GABA rec, increases chloride ion concentration, hyperpolarises membrane of CNS leading to sedation.
C Anti-anxiety/ anti-convulsant/ sedative
Bupivacaine
A. Local anaesthetic
B. Prevents generation of nerve impulses by reducing sodium permeability & increasing action potential threshold
C. Epidural block/ peripheral nerve block/
Carbamazepine
A. Anti-convulsant
B. Stabilises inactivated state of sodium channels, thereby making neurones less excitable
C. Epilepsy
Ceftriaxone
A. Cephalosporin (3rd gen)
B. Broad-spectrum gram-negative activity; has lower efficacy against gram-positive organisms but higher efficacy against resistant organisms; highly stable in presence of beta-lactamases (penicillinase and cephalosporinase) of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; bactericidal activity results from inhibiting cell-wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more penicillin-binding proteins; bacteria eventually lyse.
C. Lower abdominal infection/ Otitis media/ Septicaemia
Cephalexin
A. Cephalosporin (1st gen)
B. Effective for treatment of infections caused by streptococcal or staphylococci, including penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Bactericidal inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan in cell walls, there by causing cell lysis.
C. Otitis media/ genito-urinary infection/ Bone infection
Ciprofloxacin
A. Flouroquinolones
B. Inhibits relaxation of DNA; inhibits DNA gyrase in susceptible organisms; promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA
C. Acute sinusitis/ Bone infections/ Diarrhoea
Clarithromycin
A. Macroglides
B. Semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic that reversibly binds to P site of 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms and may inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis thereby inhibiting bacterial growth
C. Chronic bronchitis/ Acute sinusitis
Clomiphene
A. Selective estrogen receptor modulator
B. Binds to estrogen receptors, induces ovulation by increase output of pituitary gonadotropins
C. Ovulatory induction
Clonidine
A. Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist
B. Binds to imidazoline receptors and stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the brain causes a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance which lowers blood pressure.
C. Hypertension
Clopidogrel
A. Anti-platelet
B. Inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced pathway for platelet aggregation
C. MI/ Angina/ Stroke
Clotrimazole
A. Anti-fungal
B. Alters Candida cell membrane permeability; binds to phospholipids in fungal cell membrane, which alters cell wall permeability and results in the loss of intracellular elements; fungistatic and fungicidal
C. Candidasis
Co-trimoxazole
A. Bactericidal antibiotic
B. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits folic acid reduction to tetrahydrofolate, causing inhibition of microorganism growth.
C. Bronchitis/ Otitis media/ Travellers diarrhoea/ HIV prophylaxis/ UTI
Dabigatran
A. Anti-coagulant
B. Prevents thrombus development through direct, competitive inhibition of thrombin (thrombin enables fibrinogen conversion to fibrin during the coagulation cascade)
C. Stroke prophylaxis/ DVT
Desmopressin (ADH)
A. ADH analogue
B. Synthetic analogue of vasopressin with prompt onset and longer, more specific antidiuretic action; desmopressin increases water permeability in renal tubular cells, which in turn decreases urine volume and increases urine osmolality
C. Diabetes insipidus
Dextromethorphan
A. Anti-tussive (anti-coughing)
B. Acts on cough center in medulla; decreases sensitivity of cough receptors and interrupts cough impulse transmission
C. Cough
Diazepam
A. Benzodiazepine
B. Modulates postsynaptic effects of GABA-A transmission, resulting in an increase in presynaptic inhibition. Appears to act on part of the limbic system, as well as on the thalamus and hypothalamus, to induce a calming effect
C. Anxiety/ Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Diclofenac
A. NSAID
B. Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis/ Osteoarthritis
Digoxin
A. Anti-arrhythmic class 5
B. Suppresses AV node conduction, which increases refractory period and decreases conduction velocity, causing positive inotropic effect, decreased ventricular rate, and enhanced vagal tone.
C.Atrial fibrillation/ Heart failure.
Diltiazem
A. Anti-arrhythmic class 4 B. Nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker: Inhibits extracellular calcium ion influx across membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction acting principally at AV node, with some effects at sinus node C. Angina/ A-fib/ A flut/ PSVT
Dinoprost
A. Prostaglandin F2alpha
B. Relaxes cervical smooth muscle; stimulates uterine contractions similar to those observed during labor
C. Labour induction (Note: can be used for abortion as wel)
Dobutamine
A. Inotropic agent.
B. Strong beta1 and weak beta2/alpha effects, resulting in increased cardiac output, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as decreased peripheral vascular resistance
C. Heart failure/ Cardiogenic shock
Dopamine
A. Inotropic agent
B. Crosses blood brain barrier and increases dopamine concentration in the substantia nigra.
C. Parkinson
Doxazosin
A. Alpha blocker/ Anti-neoplastic
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Blocks alpha1 receptors in prostatic stromal and bladder tissues; reduces sympathetic tone-induced urethral stricture responsible for BPH symptoms
C. Prostatic cancer
Doxorubicin
A. Antineoplastic
B. Anthracycline; intercalates between DNA base pairs, impairs topoisomerase II function and inhibits replication & transcription
C. Cancer/ Hepatocellular carcinoma
Doxycycline
A. Tetracycline (antibiotics)
B. Inhibits protein synthesis and, thus, bacterial growth by binding to 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria; may block dissociation of peptidyl t-RNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest.
C. STI
Enoxaparin
A. Anticoagulant
B. LMWH; antithrombotic that inhibits factor Xa by increasing inhibition rate of clotting proteases that are activated by antithrombin III
C. DVT prophylaxis/ Angina/ STEMI
Ephedrine
A. Alpha/ Beta adrenergic agonist (lung drug bruv)
B. Sympathomimetic agent stimulates SNS and directly stimulates adrenergic receptor.
C. Decongestant/ Apetite suppression/ Anaesthetic associated hypotension
Escitalopram
A. Antidepressant SSRI
B. Inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin in the synapses thereby increasing serotonin concentration.
C. Major depressive disorder/ OCD
Etoricoxib
A. NSAID
B. Selective COX-2 inhibitor
C. Rheumatoid arthritis/ osteoarthritis/ ankylosing spondylitis/ Gout
Ezetimibe
A. Lipid lowering agent
B. Inhibits sterol transporter at brush border and, consequently, intestinal absorption of cholesterol, which in turn decreases delivery of cholesterol to the liver and reduces hepatic cholesterol stores.
C. Hyper-cholesterolemia
Finasteride
A. Antineoplastic/ 5 Alpha reductase inhibitor
B. Suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Fluconazole
A. Anti-fungal
B. Highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase has a fungistatic affect .
C. Oropharyngeal candidiasis/ Oesophageal candidiasis
Fluorouracil
A. Antineoplastic
B. Inhibits DNA synthesis during S phase by inhibition of thymidylate synthetase.
C. Breast/ Ovary/ Liver/ Pancreas/ Rectum/ Stomach cancer.
Furosemide
A. Loop diuretic
B. Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions at proximal and distal renal tubules and loop of Henle; by interfering with chloride-binding cotransport system, causes an increase in water in urine.
C. Edema/ Hypertension
Glyceryl trinitrate (But, bitches be calling this: Nitroglycerin)
A. Nitrates
B. Organic nitrate which causes systemic venodilation, decreasing preload. Also enters vascular smooth muscle and is converted to nitric oxide (NO) which induces synthesis of cGMP and vasodilation.
C. Angina/ Acute MI
Haloperidol
A. 1st gen anti-psychotic
B. Phenylbutylpiperadine; antagonizes dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in brain; depresses reticular activating system and inhibits release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones. Thereby inhibiting CNS.
C. Schizophrenia
Hydrochlorothiazide
A. Thiazide diuretic.
B. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal renal tubules, resulting in increased excretion of water and of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen ions.
C. Edema/ Hypertension
Infliximab
A. DMARD/ Immunosuppressant
B. Recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody; prevents synovial and intestinal inflammation.
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
Insulin lispro
A. Anti-diabetic (Rapid acting)
B. Protein hormone; stimulates glucose uptake by peripheral cells
C. DM 1 and 2
Interferon Alfa
Because, the spelling alpha is incorrect ?
A. Cytokine
B. Inhibits HBV replication; immunomodulatory actions
Suppresses cell proliferation
C. Hep C/ Hairy cell leukaemia (no jokes this is actually a disease)
Irbesartan
A. Angiotensin receptor blocker
B. Angiotensin II receptor blocker; inhibits vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
C. Hypertension
Iron (III) Saccharate
A. Iron supplement
B. Replacement of iron stores found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and enzymes; works to transport oxygen via hemoglobin
C. Anemia
Isoniazid
A. Anti-tubercle agent
B. inhibits cell-wall biosynthesis by interfering with lipid and DNA synthesis (bactericidal)
C. Tuberculosis (latent infection)
Isosorbide mononitrate
A. Nitrates
B. Organic nitrate that causes systemic venodilation, decreasing preload; enters vascular smooth muscle and is converted to nitric oxide, leading to activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and vasodilation
C. Angina
Isotretinoin
A. Acne agent
B. Retinoid; inhibits sebaceous gland function and keratinization; clinical improvement of nodular acne associated with sebum secretion reduction
C. Acne
Itraconazole
A. Anti-fungal
B. Triazole antifungal agent; inhibits cytochrome P450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol, which in turn inhibits cell-membrane formation
C. Oral candidiasis
Latanoprost
A. Prostaglandin
B. Prostaglandin F2-alpha analog; incrEASES outflow of aqueous humour.
C. Elevated intraocular pressure.
Levodopa/Benserazide
A. Ant-parkinsons
B. L-DOPA crosses the protective blood–brain barrier, whereas dopamine itself cannot. Increases dopamine concentrations in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Benserazide does stuff as well I suppose
C. Parkinsons
Levonorgestrel
A. Progestins
B. Synthetic progestin, ovulation is inhibited from a negative feedback mechanism on hypothalamus, leading to reduced secretion of FSH and LH.
C. Emergency morning after pill.
Lidocaine
A. Anti-dysarrhythmic 1B
B. Combines with fast Na channels and thereby inhibits recovery after repolarization, resulting in decreasing myocardial excitability and conduction velocity.
C. Arrhythmia
Loratadine
A. 2nd gen antihistamine
B. Long-acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine H1-receptor antagonistic activity
C. Allergic rhinitis
Lornoxicam
A. NSAID
B. NSAIDs inhibit the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2, and thereby, the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
C. Osteoarthritis
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)
A. Electrolytes B. Increases magnesium concentration within extracellular fluids. C. 1. Hypomagnesia 2. Treatment for Torsades de pointes 3. Bronchodilator
Mebendazole
A. Anti-helminthics (worms)
B. Blocks glucose uptake; inhibits the formation of helminth microtubules in susceptible adult intestine-dwelling helminths
C. Pinworm/ roundworm/ GI infection
Memantine
A. NMDA antagonist
B. (NMDAR) antagonist that binds preferentially to NMDAR-operated cation channels, blocking receptor only under conditions of excessive stimulation, with no effect on normal neurotransmission.
C. Alzheimer
Mesalazine (or Mesalamine)
A. 5-amino-salicylic derivative
B. Anti-inflammatory agent; mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid), inhibits prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis and release in colon
C. Ulcerative colitis/ Crohn’s
Metformin
A. Anti-diabetic
B. Decreases hepatic glucose production; decreases GI glucose absorption; increases target cell insulin sensitivity.
C. Type 2 DM (NOT type 1)
Methotrexate
A. Antimetabolite
B. Interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication; cell cycle specific for S phase of cycle
C. Osteosarcoma
Methylprednisolone
A. Corticosteroids
B. Controls or prevents inflammation by controlling rate of protein synthesis, suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and fibroblasts, reversing capillary permeability, and stabilising lysosomes at cellular level
C. Multiple sclerosis
Metoprolol
A. Beta Blockers
B. Blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation; for beta1 receptors at low doses, with little or no effect on beta2 receptors
C. MI/ Congestive heart failure
Metrondiazole (Flagyl)
A. Antibiotic
B. Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting DNA and causing strand breakage; amebicidal, bactericidal, trichomonacidal
C. STI/ Anaerobic bacteria
Midazolam
A. Benzodiazepine
B. Effects may be mediated through GABA receptor system; increase in neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA; the shift in chloride ions causes hyperpolarization (less excitability) and stabilization of the neuronal membrane
C. Pre-op sedation/ seizures
Montelukast
A. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
B. Blocks binding of leukotriene D4 to its receptor; alters pathophysiology associated with inflammatory process that contributes to signs and symptoms of asthma
C. Asthma/ bronchospasm.
Morphine
A. Opiod analgesic
B. Opiod agonist binds to opiod receptors causes increased potassium ions causing hyperpolarisation of the CNS.It inhibits the ascending pathways thereby blocking pain sensation.
C. Acute pain
Nebivolol
A. Beta blocker
B. Competitive and selective beta1-receptor antagonist. possesses mild vasodilating properties; reduces systemic vascular resistance.
C. Hypertension
Nifedipine
A. Calcium channel blocker
B. Calcium-channel blocker; inhibits transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes without changing serum calcium concentrations; this results in inhibition of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, thereby dilating main coronary and systemic arteries
C. Angina/ Hypertension
Omeprazole
A. Proton pump inhibitor
B. Binds to H+/K+-exchanging ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, resulting in suppression of basal and stimulated acid secretion
C. Duodenal ulcer / Heliobacter pylori infection/ GERD
Ondansetron
A. Anti-mimetic/ 5HT-3 antagonist
B. Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; binds to 5-HT3 receptors both in periphery and in CNS, with primary effects in GI tract
C. Chemotherapy induced nausea
Oseltamivir (tamiflu)
A. Antiviral
B. Inhibits viral neuraminidases; stops release of virus from cells and prevents virus from crossing mucous lining of respiratory tract. Essentially developed for bird flu.
C. Influenza prophylaxis H1N1 strain
Oxytocin
A. Oxytocin agent
B. Uterine stimulant i.e. smooth muscle contraction of the uterus
C. Labour induction/ Abortion
Pancreatin
A. Combo of amylase, lipase and protease (pancreatic hormone)
B. Pancreatin is an effective enzyme supplement for replacing missing pancreatic enzymes, and aids in the digestion of foods.
C. Pancreatic insufficiency
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
A. Analgesic
B. Acts on hypothalamus to produce antipyresis
May work peripherally to block pain impulse generation; may also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS.
C. Analgesia and fever.
Paroxetine
A. Antidepressant SSRI
B. Inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft thereby increasing its concentration.
C. Depression/ OCD
Perindopril
A. ACE inhibitor
B. Competitive inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) initially results in decreased plasma angiotensin II concentrations and, consequently, blood pressure may be reduced in part through decreased vasoconstriction, increased renin activity, & decreased aldosterone secretion
C. Hypertension/ CAD/ Heart Failure
Permethrin
A. Scabicidal agent (neurotoxin)
B. depolarises nerve cell membranes of parasites. The drug disrupts sodium channel current. Delayed repolarization results in paralysis of nerves in the exoskeletal respiratory muscles of parasite leading to death
C. Scabies/ Head lice
Physostigmine
A. ACH inhibitor
B. Indirect acting parasympathomimetic via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
C. Anticholinergic toxicity
Piracetam
A. Nootropic drug
B. GABA analogue increase its concentration increase blood flow to the brain without sedative effects.
C. Alzheimers dementia
Povidone iodine
A. Topical antimicrobial
B. Microbicidal; oxidizes cell constituents; iodinates proteins and inactivates them
C. Apply to clean wounds.
Prednisolone
A. Corticosteroids
B. Glucocorticosteroid; elicits mild mineralocorticoid activity and moderate anti-inflammatory effects; controls or prevents inflammation by controlling rate of protein synthesis, suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and fibroblasts, reversing capillary permeability, and stabilizing lysosomes at cellular level.
C. Rheumatoid arthritis/ Multiple sclerosis
Procainamide
A. Class 1A Anti-dysarrhythmic
B. Class IA (membrane stabilizing) antiarrhythmic agent; inhibits recovery after repolarization resulting in decreasing myocardial excitability and conduction velocity
C. Arrhythmia/ A-fib/ A flutt
Progesterone
A. Progestins
B. induces change in endometrium, relaxes uterine smooth muscles, blocks follicular ovulation, maintains pregnancy.
C. Ovulation
Propranolol
A. Beta blocker (anti-arrhythmic class 2) B. Nonselective beta adrenergic receptor blocker; competitive beta1 and beta2 receptor inhibition results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, myocardial oxygen demand, and blood pressure C. Arrhythmia/ Angina
Quetiapine
A. 2nd gen anti-pyschotic
B. dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic, and serotonin types 1 and 2 (5-HT1A, 5-HT2); has no affinity for benzodiazepine and cholinergic muscarinic receptors.
C. Schizophrenia
Ranitidine
A. Histamine H2 receptor antagonist
B. H2-receptor antagonist; blocks H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells, leading to inhibition of gastric secretions
C. GERD
Rifampicin (Rifampin)
A. Anti-tubercular agent
B. Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by binding to beta subunit, which in turn blocks RNA transcription; potent enzyme inducer
C. Tuberculosis
Risperidone
A. 2nd Gen anti-psychotic
B. Has high affinity for serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors; binds to dopamine D2 as well, inhibits CNS
C. Schizophrenia/ Bipolar mania
Rivaroxaban
A. Anticoaguant
B. Factor Xa inhibitor that inhibits platelet activation by selectively blocking the active site of factor Xa without requiring a cofactor (eg, antithrombin III) for activity
C. DVT prophylaxis
Rivastigmine
A. ACHesterase inhibitor
B. Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that causes an increase in concentrations of acetylcholine, which in turn enhances cholinergic neurotransmission
C. Alzheimer dementia/ Parkinsons dementia
Rosuvastatin
A. Lipid lowering agent
B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; inhibits the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
C. Hypercholesterolemia
Salbutamol (albuterol)
A. Beta 2 agonist
B. Beta2 receptor agonist with some beta1 activity; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate
C. Acute & severe bronchospasm
Sildenafil (Boner pills)
A. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
B. Inhibits PDE-5, increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP to allow smooth-muscle relaxation
C. Erectile dysfunction
Spironolactone
A. Aldosterone antagonists
B. Aldosterone antagonist with diuretic and antihypertensive effects; competitive binding of receptors at aldosterone-dependent Na-K exchange site in distal tubules results in increased excretion of Na+, Cl-, and H2O and retention of K+ and H+
C.Hypertension
Tamsulosin
A. Alpha blocker
B. Blocks alpha1a adrenergic receptor in smooth muscle of prostate, decreasing bladder neck and urethral resistance
C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Terbinafine
A. Antifungal
B. Inhibits squalene epoxidase, reducing cell membrane ergosterol synthesis, causing inhibition of fungal cell-wall synthesis and subsequently fungal cell death
C. Onchomycosis
Tolterodine
A. Anticholinergic
B. Competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist; decreases bladder contractions; is more specific for bladder than oxybutynin
C. Overactive bladder
Torasemide
A. Diuretics
B. Sulfonylurea diuretic; loop diuretic acting at Na-K-2Cl reabsorptive pump at ascending loop of Henle; interferes with chloride-binding cotransport system, causing increased excretion of water, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and calcium
C. Hypertension/ Congestive heart failure.
Trihexyphenidyl
A. Antiparkinsons
B. Trihexyphenidyl inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system and has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles
C. Parkinsons
Tropicamide
A. Anti-Cycloplegic (paralysis)
B. Blocks acetylcholine resulting in relaxation of cholinergically innervated iris sphincter muscle
C. Refraction
Ursodeoxycholic acid (urosodiol)
A. Gallstone solubilising agent.
B. Naturally-occurring bile acid; reduces cholesterol secretion from the liver; reduces the fractional reabsorption of cholesterol by the intestines.
C. Gallstone dissolution
Valproic acid
A. Anticonvulsant
B. May increase levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain; may enhance or mimic action of GABA at postsynaptic receptor sites; may also inhibit sodium and calcium channels
C. Seizures
Warfarin
A. Anticoagulant
B. Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S; S-warfarin is 4 times more potent than R-warfarin
C. Venous thrombosis
Zolmitriptan
A. Serotonin 5HT receptor agonists
B. Selective 5-HT1 receptor agonist in cranial arteries. Causes vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation associated with antidronic neuronal transmission associated with relief of migraine
C. Migraine
Zolipidem
A. Sedative/ Hypnotic
B. GABA receptor via selective antagonism, resulting in increased chloride conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, decrease in neuronal excitability that in turn produce sedative and hypnotic effects
C. Insomnia
Kill me
Now, too many drugs
I don’t need this (pharma)
my man has two jobs
Tamsulosin (bare jokes edition)
A. Alpha 1 blocker for cancer
B. Blocks alpha 1 in the cancer
C. Cancer (prostatic)
Amlodipine (bare jokes edition)
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. Blocks calcium channels
C. Angina
Nifedipine (bare jokes edition)
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. Blocks calcium channels
C. Angina
Lidocaine (bare jokes edition)
A. Anti-arrhythmia (1B)
B. Stops arrhythmias (Na+ channels)
C. Arrhythmias
Ali
smells
