Exam Flashcards
What was the typical medieval concept of God?
To save man and died to save humans from sin
Why was a cultural awakening possible in the 12th century?
- Attacks by the Vikings had ended
- kings brought greater stability
- trade increased
Describe a gothic cathedral?
Greater display of light, vault ceilings, expressed a belief in heirarchy
Describe a Romanesque cathedral
Massive walls, few windows, little light
Why did civilization decline in Europe in the 14th century
Crop failures, famine, plagues
What was the effect of the Black Death
Killed 1/4 to 1/3 of European population
Identify important elements of the Hundred Years’ War
- Britain vs. France
- Joan of arc inspired France
- France won
How is the modern world linked to the Middle Ages
Religion, secularism, government power, universites
What factors contributed to the decline of the power of the papacy
- Belief pope was isolated from common concerns
- increasing power of local leaders
- corruption among some popes
What is secularism
Concerned more w worldly life
Identify important characteristics of the renaissance
A rebirth of interest in human knowledge, science, are, literature, and commerce
Where did the renaissance begin?
Italy
What factors help explain the reformation
- Martin Luther’s disagreement w Catholic Church
- kings and princes supported the rebellion against church
- growing unhappiness w many practices of the church
What was the enclosure movement
The more efficient use of land by cultivating previously common land for commercial use
What was the “putting out system” or cottage industry
Pre-industrial system of manufacturing that divided agricultural production into steps done in various homes
What group suffered the most as a result of European expansion
Africans and Indians
What development changed family life so dramatically?
- the rise of towns
- middle class
- new means of work
What was the system of English inheritance and how did it work to benefit English economic development
Primogeniture; all wealth passed to the eldest son. preventing the division of accumulated wealth, encouraged resourcefulness of younger children
What European nation had a limited or constitutional monarchy
England
What European nation had the most absolutist monarchy
France
What development helped bring a general rise in incomes?
- Encouraged investment in time benefitted the poor
- Farm prices declined
- Land values increased
What European nation made the most of the discovery of gold in the new world
Spain
What two factors contributed most to the growing power of kings
Power to tax and power to maintain a standing army
Started reformation w his writings of the of the “95 theses” and creator of Lutheranism
Martin Luther
Respected knowledge gained from the senses; said sun revoved around the earth
Arisotle
Said science should benefit man
Francis bacon
Beheaded during English civil war
Charles I
Poet; wrote about the levels of hell in “the inferno”
Dante
Invented the moveable type printing press
Gutenberg
Argued God’s existence was provable
Thomas Aquinas
Defeated the Spanish Armada
Elizabeth I
Said one cannot be certain of their salvation; predestination
John Calvin
Considered nature was a valid field of study
Albert the great
Geocentric (earth centered)
Ptolemy
