Exam Flashcards

0
Q

What was the typical medieval concept of God?

A

To save man and died to save humans from sin

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1
Q

Why was a cultural awakening possible in the 12th century?

A
  • Attacks by the Vikings had ended
  • kings brought greater stability
  • trade increased
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2
Q

Describe a gothic cathedral?

A

Greater display of light, vault ceilings, expressed a belief in heirarchy

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3
Q

Describe a Romanesque cathedral

A

Massive walls, few windows, little light

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4
Q

Why did civilization decline in Europe in the 14th century

A

Crop failures, famine, plagues

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5
Q

What was the effect of the Black Death

A

Killed 1/4 to 1/3 of European population

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6
Q

Identify important elements of the Hundred Years’ War

A
  • Britain vs. France
  • Joan of arc inspired France
  • France won
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7
Q

How is the modern world linked to the Middle Ages

A

Religion, secularism, government power, universites

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8
Q

What factors contributed to the decline of the power of the papacy

A
  • Belief pope was isolated from common concerns
  • increasing power of local leaders
  • corruption among some popes
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9
Q

What is secularism

A

Concerned more w worldly life

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10
Q

Identify important characteristics of the renaissance

A

A rebirth of interest in human knowledge, science, are, literature, and commerce

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11
Q

Where did the renaissance begin?

A

Italy

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12
Q

What factors help explain the reformation

A
  • Martin Luther’s disagreement w Catholic Church
  • kings and princes supported the rebellion against church
  • growing unhappiness w many practices of the church
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13
Q

What was the enclosure movement

A

The more efficient use of land by cultivating previously common land for commercial use

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14
Q

What was the “putting out system” or cottage industry

A

Pre-industrial system of manufacturing that divided agricultural production into steps done in various homes

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15
Q

What group suffered the most as a result of European expansion

A

Africans and Indians

16
Q

What development changed family life so dramatically?

A
  • the rise of towns
  • middle class
  • new means of work
17
Q

What was the system of English inheritance and how did it work to benefit English economic development

A

Primogeniture; all wealth passed to the eldest son. preventing the division of accumulated wealth, encouraged resourcefulness of younger children

18
Q

What European nation had a limited or constitutional monarchy

19
Q

What European nation had the most absolutist monarchy

20
Q

What development helped bring a general rise in incomes?

A
  • Encouraged investment in time benefitted the poor
  • Farm prices declined
  • Land values increased
21
Q

What European nation made the most of the discovery of gold in the new world

22
Q

What two factors contributed most to the growing power of kings

A

Power to tax and power to maintain a standing army

23
Q

Started reformation w his writings of the of the “95 theses” and creator of Lutheranism

A

Martin Luther

24
Respected knowledge gained from the senses; said sun revoved around the earth
Arisotle
25
Said science should benefit man
Francis bacon
26
Beheaded during English civil war
Charles I
27
Poet; wrote about the levels of hell in "the inferno"
Dante
28
Invented the moveable type printing press
Gutenberg
29
Argued God's existence was provable
Thomas Aquinas
30
Defeated the Spanish Armada
Elizabeth I
31
Said one cannot be certain of their salvation; predestination
John Calvin
32
Considered nature was a valid field of study
Albert the great
33
Geocentric (earth centered)
Ptolemy