Exam #3.1 Flashcards
Appearance of a simple cyst
Anechoic with ETT, round/oval in both planes, clear margins/sharp borders, thin walls
Functional cyst
Result of hormones in the normal female cycle
Difference between;
Normal follicle
Dominate follicle
Follicular cyst
Normal follicle; 1-2.5 cm
Dominate follicle; 1.5-5cm
Follicular Cyst; >3cm
What cyst measurement warrant surgical internation?
> 10cm
<10cm but >5cm will need follow up
What is the difference you will see when visualizing ovaries with PCOS vs. Theca-Lutein cysts?
PCOS; Endocrine disorder. String of pearls (cysts around the periphery of ovary
Theca-Lutein cyst; Larger, multiloculated cysts covering entire ovary - HCG levels will be high. - bilateral.
Follicular cyst
- Functional cyst
- Benign
- Ovarian cyst over 3cm
Theca-Lutein cyst
- Functional cyst
- Benign
- Multiloculated, covering ovaries, “cluster of grapes”
Meig’s syndrome
triad of (1) benign pelvic mass (2) hydrothorax (3) ascites
Corpus luteal cyst
- Follicular cyst
- Benign
- Prone to hemorrhage
- Ring of fire
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
- PCOS
- String of pearls
- Patient Signs and Symtoms; Obesity, amenorrha, anovulation, hirsutism, infertility
Torsion
- Younger women
- little to no blood flow
Sonographic appearance of Acute Torsion
- Hypoechoic
- swollen/enlarged
- acute onset of pain
- little to no blood flow
Sonographic appearance of Chronic Torsion
- Hyperechoic/increased echogenicity
- shrunken
- dull pain/ache
Most common Epithelial benign and malignant tumor
-Cystadenomas
-Cystadenocarcinoma
(Epithelial)
Malignant mass characteristics
Complex tissue, irregular borders, thick septations, high blood flow
Signs and symptoms of Ovarian carcinoma
Abd bloating, GI problems, fatigue, urinary symptoms, menstrual irregularities
Most common germ cell tumor - benign and malignant
Benign - Teratoma (cystic teratoma/dermoid)
Malignant- Dysgerminoma
Metastatic Krunkenberg
Mets to overy from gastric/stomach cancer
Ovarian mets most commonly originate from what location?
Colon - Bilateral effect
Stages of Ovarian carcinoma
- Growth limited to ovaries
- Beyond ovaries but within the true pelvis
- Superficial liver metastasis
- Distant metastasis or pleural involvement
Cancer spreads to other parts of the body my traveling via…..
Lymphatic system, growth, or venous/ arterial flow
Benign and Malignant Epithelial tumors and their sonographic apperance
> Benign-
*Serous cystadenomas - serous/anechoic fluid, thin septations
*Mucinous cystadenomas- Mucinous/thinker fluid filled with debris, Thinker septations
*Brenner/transitional- Solid, hypoechoic (can mimic other tumors)
Malignant
*Serous cysadenocarcinoma- Most common melignant tumor-cystic/solid fluid, thick septations, irregular borders, increased blood flow
*Mucinous Cysadenocarcinoma- pseudomyxoma peritonei
*Endometroid
*Clear cell
Benign and malignant Germ cell tumors and their sonographic apperance
> Benign
* Teratomas/ Cystic Teratomas/ Desmoids-
Most common germ cell tumor. Composed of all three germ cell layers, tip of the iceberg. Composed of teeth, hair, bone, ect.
Malignant
* Teratocarcinoma (immature teratoma)-
Highly malignant. Solid, possibly cystic areas.
*Dysgerminoma
Most common germ cell cancer. Younger women, solid, possibly cystic areas. Very radiosensitive
Benign and malignant Stromal tumor (sex cord) and their sonographic apperance
> Benign
* Ovarian Fibromas-
Solid, hypoechoic mass. Associated with Meigs Syndrome (benign pelvic mass, hydrothorax/pleural effusion, ascities).
*Thecomas- Solid ovarian mass. Releases estrogen, causing it to proliferate/thicken.
Malignant
* Granulosa- Theca Cell- Solid, produces estrogen.
*Stertoli-Leydig (androblastoma)- Solid. Releases testosterone and causes musculation in female.
