Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 2 > Exam #3 Upper and Lower GI Pt.2 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Upper and Lower GI Pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bowel Obstruction Disease

A
  • Intestinal contents accumulate at and above the area of obstruction. This leads to abdominal distention.
  • Peristalsis increases in an effort to move intestinal contents forward.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bowel Obstruction Causes

A
  • HANG IV
  • Hernia
  • Adhesions
  • Neoplasm/ Tumor
  • Gallstone Ileus
  • Intuessusception: part of the intestine slides into adjacent
  • Volvulus: abnormal twisting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bowel Obstruction Types
( 2 )

A
  1. Mechanical: Blockage caused by something outside the bowel : Handling of intestines during surgery
  2. Non-Mechanical: Decreased peristalsis due to neuromuscular disturbance : Constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bowel Obstruction S/S

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • N/V
  • Abdominal distention
  • Inability to pass gas/ stool
  • Hyperactive, high pitch bowel sounds early to hypoactive later in disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bowel Obstruction Interventions

A
  • NG Tubes: For gastric decompression
  • IV Fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors

A
  • Over 50
  • Genetic
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Inactivity
  • Heavy alcohol consumption
  • High fat diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

A

Prevent:
-Age 45, start screening
- FOBT every year
- Colonoscopy every 10 years
- Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
- Decrease fat, refined carbs and low fiber foods
- Obesity is major factors
- No smoking / drinking
- Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colorectal Cancer S/S

A
  • Vomiting
  • Changes in bowel habits
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Fatigue
  • Abdominal fullness
  • Anemia
  • Cramping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colorectal Cancer Interventions

A
  • Radiation Therapy: Can control the disease not cure, in rectal cancer it is part of treatment plan
  • Adjuvant therapy
  • Surgical: colon resection, colectomy, colostomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Colostomies Types

A

Ascending: Right sides tumors
Transverse: Double barreled, has 2 stomas
Descending: Left sided tumors
Sigmoid: Rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stimulant Laxatives
: Bisacodyl, Senna

A

MOA: Stimulate intestinal motility
Use: Constipation
Comp: Diarrhea, mid cramping, burning sensation with suppository
Contra: GI obstruction, rectal fissures
Interact: Do not give with antacids
Education: Monitor for severe diarrhea, anal burning can occur, monitor for bleeding, pus, discourage long term use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stool Softener
: Docusate Sodium

A

MOA: Change the tension of stool increasing water absorption in stool
Use: Constipation
Comp: Cramps, throat irritation
Inter: Do not administer w mineral oil / laxative
Education: 2-3 L liquid, exercise, fiber diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bulk Forming Agents
: Psyllium, Fiber Supplements

A

MOA: Soften fecal mass
Use: Constipation
Comp: Obstruction
Education: Take with 8 oz water, takes 1-3 days to take effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antidiarrheals
: Loperamide

A

MOA: Decrease GI motility and increase fluid absorption
Use: Diarrhea
Conta: Risk of Toxic Megacolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IBS Assessment

A
  • Fatigue, pain, changes in bowel patterns, flare ups, LLQ pain, diarrhea stools are soft, watery w mucus present.
    Lab: Hydrogen breath test
    Interventions: Dietary fiber, drug therapy, stress reduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IBS Med
: Alosetron

A

MOA: Blocking the action of serotonin on the intestine this results in increased firmness in stool and decreased urgency.
USE: Only female clients who have severe IBS-D for more than 6 months.
- Take w meal and fluid ( 1200-1500 ml )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Probiotics

A

MOA: Bacteria and yeast which are normal part of flora of intestine and colon.
Comp: Gas, bloating
Education: Administer 2 hrs apart from antibiotics

17
Q

Herniation

A
  • Weakness in the abdominal muscle wall through which a segment of the bowel or other abdominal structure protrudes.
  • Lump or protrusion appears, absent bowel sounds
  • Treatment:Truss hernia belt, avoid coughing, herniorrrhaphy
18
Q

Peritonitis

A
  • Life threatening, acute inflammation and infection of the visceral/ parietal peritoneum and endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity.
  • Caused by bacteria, chemicals
19
Q

Peritonitis Complications

A
  1. Hypovolemic Shock: Delayed diagnosis means dilation continues due to increased blood vessel dilution. Fluid is shifted into peritoneal cavity, decreasing circulatory volume
  2. Sepsis: Peristalsis slows or stops in response to severe inflammation and infection. 7-8 L of fluid daily.
  3. Resp Problems: Increased abdominal pressure against diaphragm.
20
Q

Peritonitis S/S

A
  • Cardinal Signs: Abdominal pain, tenderness and distention.
    Labs: WBC, BUN, creatinine, ABG
21
Q

Peritonitis Interventions

A

Nonsurgical:
- Assess VS, monitor mental status, administer antibiotics

Surgical:
- Abdominal surgery, Exp Lap

  • Hypertonic IV solution, daily weight, NGT, NPO
22
Q

Appendicitis :
Causes

A
  • Inflammation of the appendix
  • Obstruction of lumen causes major increased pressure inside the appendix
  • Perforation / rupture can occur
  • Needs to be treated 48-72 hrs or risk for rupture which will lead to abscess and peritonitis
  • Caused:
  • Obstruction
  • Fecalith ( hard stool )
  • parasites
  • foreign body
  • Trauma / injury
23
Q

Appendicitis S/S

A
  • RLQ abdominal pain
  • Cramps
  • Tenderness w palpation
  • N/V
  • Low fever
24
Q

McBurny’s Point

A

Refers to the point on the lower right quadrant of the abdomen at which tenderness is maximal in cases of acute appendicitis
- High suspicion if positive

25
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

Right lower abdominal pain upon palpation of the left side of the lower abdomen.

26
Q

Appendicitis Diagnosis + Interventions

A
  • CBC: Elevated WBC
  • Ultrasound: Enlarged appendix
  • Keep NPO, manage pain, appendectomy
    ^ Complication: Peritonits: abdominal pain, bloating, fever, N/V, loss of appetite
27
Q

Gastroenteritis

A
  • Inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines
  • Main: N/V/D, abdominal cramping
  • Lasts 3 days

Cases: Viruses, bacteria, parasites

Prevention: Hand washing, sanitize, proper food prep

Intervention: Antibiotics may be needed , probiotics, oral rehydration is key!

28
Q

ASCA Antibody Test

A

Sign of Crohns

29
Q

pANCA

A

Sign of UC

30
Q

UC vs Crohns

A

UC: limited to large intestine, LLQ, bleeding is more common
Crohn’s: Anywhere in GI tract, RLQ, bleeding is uncommon

31
Q

Treatment for IBD

A

: Anti-Inflammatory Agents- (5 aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids)
: Immunosuppressants ( cyclosporine, methotrexate )
: Anti-tumor necrosis agents
: Antibiotics
: Probiotics

32
Q

UC Causes

A
  • Antibiotic use
  • Recent travel
  • NSAIDS
  • History of arthritis, mouth sores, vision problems and skin disorders
33
Q

UC Diagnosis and S/S

A
  • Fever
  • Bloody / mucus diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Toxic Megacolon

: Upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, digital rectal exam

34
Q

UC Interventions

A

Nonsurgical:
- Record stool
- Amino salicylates, glucocorticoids, antidiarrheal, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators
- NPO
- Monitor for GI bleeding

35
Q

Crohn’s Complications and S/S

A
  • Fistulas may occur!
  • Abscesses
  • Sepsis
  • Fissure
  • Malnourishment
  • Strictures

S/S
- RLQ pain
- Ulcers
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Anemia is common

36
Q

Crohn’s Interventions

A
  • Anti- inflammatory agents!
  • Immunosuppressants ( Methotrexate )
  • Antibiotics
  • Fistula management: Wound Vac therapy, antibiotics for infection
37
Q

Diverticular Disease Factors

A
  • Usually seen in people over 40!
  • Small bulging pouches in lining of LI
  • Usually harmless
38
Q

Diverticulitis

A
  • One or more diverticula become inflamed or infected due to the accumulation of waste products and bacteria.
  • Fever, severe abdominal pain, nausea, change in bowel habits
39
Q

Diverticular Disease

A

S/S: May have none
- Abdominal pain
- Fever
- Tachy
- N/V
- Abdominal distention, tenderness

Diagnosis:
- WBC: Elevated
- CBC: Decreased in hemorrhage
- CT skan

Interventions:
- Broad spectrum and antimicrobial drugs
- Mild pain meds
- Laxatives are avoided!
- Refrain from lifting / straining

40
Q

Celiac Disease

A
  • Multi System Autoimmune disease
  • Chronic inflammation of small intestinal mucosa that cause bowel wall atrophy, malabsorption, diarrhea
  • Gluten Free Diet!
  • Can result in healing after about 2 years.

Pharm 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions