exam 3 training/development Flashcards
training process
(1) Conduct training needs assessment
(2) Consider characteristics of the trainees and the context
(3) Choose and administer the training method
(4) Training evaluation
training needs assessment & process
NEEDS ASSESSMENT = process by which an org identifies the key factors in the org that will support the training program
- hard to start effective training without knowing available resources (budget), skills needed, who needs it, and what level employees are currently at
org analysis
includes the identification of a broad set of organizational issues that can help or hinder the effectiveness of a training program
how to do org analysis
finding out why the org wants to start a training program; understanding which group of employees will be trained; what and how many resources the company will provide toward straining; understanding the culture o the org, such as whether there is support for training; knowing the external business and legal climate within which the org functions; examines org goals, available resource, and org environment to determine where training should be directed (takes into account climate of org and its subunits)
org analysis EX
leadership training–
- assessment of org climate in different departments
- meeting with top management to ensure support for assessment, training, and transfer of training
job analysis
identify which tasks employees currently perform on their job, what KSAs they need to be trained on, and what critical incidents employees deal with on the job
how to do job analysis
can consist of: developing task statements; “provides employees with timely, specific feedback on how they can improve their work when he/she sees an issue”; “praise employees when they do a good job”; identifying KSAOs required for the job
person analysis
identify what current employees can actually do and what KSAOs they possess
how to do person analysis
need to identify on the subset of KSAOs that some employees actually need to be trained on—in other words, focus on KSAOs that are lacking
- can obtain data from: performance ratings; productivity and sales; employees surveys; tests
demographic analysis
includes a wide range of issues involved with understanding who the trainees are
demographic analysis EX
EX. education level, age, familiarity with tech, motivation to learn, personality traits related to learning
training outcomes
- Knowledge
- Skills
- TRANSFER OF TRAINING - degree to which training leads to actual improvements in on-the-job behavior
model of training motivation and outcomes
individual difference and organizational contexts both influence TRAINING MOTIVATION, which creates the training outcomes
individual characteristics
cognitive abilities, personality, learning style, KSAOs
learning style
of an indiv can influence how an individual responds to training—learning styles include:
- visual learner
- auditory learner
- kinesthetic learner
what causes training success
those who are high in openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, proactive personality tend to succeed in training programs
higher general cognitive ability leads to:
- better learning of training material
- quicker learning of training material
org characteristics
rewards, climate, culture
working at orgs that are resistant to changes means that training will be less successful in this culture
org context
to consider when creating training
- identical elements
- transfer through principles
- transfer climate
- trainee motivation
identical elements
degree to which the training context is similar to the transfer environment
- psychological fidelity
- physical fidelity
psychological fidelity
degree to which the training elicits the KSAs needed to do the job
physical fidelity
degree to which the training resembles the physical aspects of the job
transfer through principles
training employees to understand why they should perform in a certain way
- giving more context helps people want to learn by understanding the rationale
transfer climate
degree to which the social climate among employees back in the work situation supports training and the particular type of training