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Introduction to Energy > Exam 3 study questions > Flashcards

Exam 3 study questions Flashcards

1
Q

Declaration of summer gas prices are readily seen in the pumps because wholesale prices tend to react almost instantaneously to crude price fluctuations.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Conversion requires chemical processing of the fractions to refine the crude oil. What is the precondition for that?

A

Fractions treated for impurities

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3
Q

LNG stands for ____ and consists primarily of _____.

A

liquified natural gas; methane

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4
Q

WTI Light Sweet Crude is the benchmark crude for the United States?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a driver of refinery profitability?

A

Lowest value products

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a primary reference for refining margins?

A

Singapore

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7
Q

Which one of the following is not a spread used as a financial instrument?

A

LNGs Spread

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8
Q

Three specific petrochemicals from Stage 1 form the foundation of the industry. This is from the lecture on petrochemicals. These three petrochemicals are:

A

Ethylene, propylene, and benzene

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9
Q

What petrochemical product is used in baby diapers from the slides on Petrochemicals? This is to illustrate the importance of the petrochemical industry. Hint: This is from the lecture slides.

A

SAP

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10
Q

What are the three principal feedstocks for the chemical industry. (I do not mean the base petrochemicals. I am asking about the feedstocks into the chemical industry.)

A

Naptha, natural gas, and natural gas liquids

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11
Q

You just purchased a bottle of your favorite soft drink at the convenience store. This bottle is most likely made from which of the following plastics? (Hint: This question is from the Petrochemicals lecture.

A

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)

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12
Q

What are the three sectors that the electric industry is broken into?

A

generation, transmission & distribution, and retail sale of electricity

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13
Q

You just ate an entire Bloomin’ Onion at Outback Steakhouse. It had 3080 calories. Yes – This is true! How many hours could the amount of energy contained in the Bloomin’ Onion power a 100 watt light-bulb?

A

Around 35 hours

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14
Q

Which of the following countrieswas the largest user of hydropower (in % of sources) in 2014 for electric power generation? Remember that hydropower is a renewable energy source.

A

Norway

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15
Q

Which of the following countrieswas the largest user of nuclear energy (in % of sources) in 2014 for electric power generation?

A

France

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16
Q

Which of the following countries was the largest user ofpetroleum (in % of sources) in 2014 for electric power generation?

A

Saudi Arabia

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17
Q

According to the author of the book Energy Myths and Realities, a switch to an all electric automobile fleet in the U.S. would require an increase in electrical power generation equal to _____ of all U.S. electrical generation in 2008.

A

25 percent

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18
Q

The man responsible for the U.S. Navy’s nuclear propulsion program.

A

Rickover

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19
Q

What was the name of the plan that sought to demonstrate America’s nonthreatening, peaceful nuclear capability and was also designed to attract the attention of non aligned countries interested in new forms of energy-the economical generation of electricity for domestic use for not its primary goal?

A

Atom for Peace

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20
Q

Commercial fusion uses neutrons to split nuclei of the heaviest natural element, uranium; fission, the joining of the lightest nuclei, powers stars and hydrogen bombs.

A

FALSE

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21
Q

Who told the National Association of Science Writers in New York that our children will enjoy in their homes electrical energy too cheap to meter?

A

Lewis L. Strauss

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22
Q

What were the improvements in gasoline engines and advances in car constructions that combined made electric vehicles the losers in the vehicular evolutionary race?

A

All of the choices

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23
Q

In 1899, U.S. carmakers produced more electric vehicles compared to gasoline-powered cars.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

In 1901, which company was both the largest manufacturer and the largest owner and operator of motor vehicles in the USA?

A

Pope’s Electric Vehicle Company

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25
Q

Which of the following isnotan advantage of solar power?

A

All of these are advantages of solar power.Solar power is sustainable.Solar power is geographically widely available. Solar power does not contribute to climate change because it does not generate CO2.

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26
Q

Scientists predict the sun will turn into a red giant in approximately 5-6 billion years.

A

TRUE

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27
Q

If solar power technology could be 20% efficient at turning solar power into electricity, we would need to cover a land area the size of __________ to power the entire earth.

A

Spain

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28
Q

Which state in the US has the most amount of solar PV capacity?

A

California

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29
Q

What did Edmond Becquerel do?

A

Created the first photovoltaic cell at age 19. & Developed the hypothesis explaining the photoelectric effect.

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30
Q

Tesla is pairing what products together?

A

Solar and batteries

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31
Q

A major disadvantage of solar power is that it is intermittent.

A

TRUE

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32
Q

Solar power accounts for approximately _____ percent of global electrical generation.

A

1

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33
Q

The amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere, land, and oceans every year is approximately equal to __________ times the total energy consumption in the United States.

A

40,000

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34
Q

An important disadvantage of solar power is that batteries to store electricity generated by solar cells are expensive.

A

TRUE

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35
Q

In 2007, what percent of the world’s electricity was produced by wind turbines?

A

1.25 percent

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36
Q

What will be the area required to supply 9 PWh of electricity by wind turbines with an average power density 2 W/m2

A

2.0 million Km2

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37
Q

Which region in the North American continent has a relatively high frequency of both prolonged calms and excessively strong winds?

A

Southeast

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38
Q

What are the physical constraints that restrict giant turbine farms in many suitably windy places?

A

All of the above. Urban Settings, rugged or remote terrain, protected areas

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39
Q

At what wind speeds, the wind turbines machine is shut down to protect the blades and the tower in stormy weather?

A

25 m/s

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40
Q

What are the secondary matters that have undoubtedly been restraining the diffusion of wind turbines and that may, in the future, combine to impose significant limits on the ultimate development of wind-powered electricity generation?

A

All of the above. Wind turbine noise, Treat to birds and bats

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41
Q

What was the potential wind generation for all continents in Archer and Jacobson’s study based on a simulation of global winds 100 meters above the grounds and using the 2.5 MW turbines after excluding areas covered by permanent ice and snow, forests, water, and built-up land when assuming an average 20 percent capacity factor?

A

680 PWh

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42
Q

At the end of 2008, which country was far ahead in installed wind generating per-capita capacity?

A

Denmark

43
Q

What is a peak power density of a large 3 MW Vestas machine with a rotor diameter of 112 meters spaced six diameters apart?

A

6.6 W/m2

44
Q

The most popular fast-food menu choice according to a 2013 Gallup poll is Burger King’s Whopper Sandwich. Let’s assume you just ate one with cheese. It has 760 calories (assuming you had no french fries!). Did you ever think about how much energy it contains? We talk a lot about energy in this course and food is a source of energy too. How many hours could the amount of energy contained in theWhopper power a 100 watt light-bulb?

A

Around 9 hours

45
Q

What are the winds that are strong enough for low-cost, large-scale commercial electricity generation?

A

Class 3 winds

46
Q

At what wind speeds, the wind turbines machine is shut down to protect the blades and the tower in stormy weather?

A

25 m/s

47
Q

In 2008, global consumption of all forms of primary energy- fossil fuel, hydroelectricity, and nuclear electricity - amounted to how much tons of oil equivalent?

A

11.3 billion

48
Q

Which class of winds has speeds in excess of 6.4-7 m/s when measured 50 meters above the grounds?

A

Class 3 winds

49
Q

What are the secondary matters that have undoubtedly been restraining the diffusion of wind turbines and that may, in the future, combine to impose significant limits on the ultimate development of wind-powered electricity generation?

A

All of the above. Aesthetic impact of wind farm, wind turbine noise, threat to birds and bats

50
Q

Corn growing for ethanol only will disrupt the rotation of corn to soybeans.

A

TRUE

51
Q

Oil palm plantations have been a major cause of tropical deforestation.

A

TRUE

52
Q

Which plants can liberate poor countries from their dependence on imported oil?

A

Oil palm and Jatorpha

53
Q

Who was a great promoter of ethanol, and his famous model T could run on gasoline, ethanol, or a mixture of the two fuels?

A

Henry Ford

54
Q

Sugar cane based ethanol fermentation is seasonal, but clearly an energy-rewarding enterprise compared to corn.

A

FALSE

55
Q

It would take only a few years before the production of cellulosic ethanol could be scaled up to commercial level.

A

FALSE

56
Q

What was the reason behind the ethanol drive in the USA?

A

All the choices are correct. Renewed concerns about high oil prices, middle eastern instability, powerful agribusiness, enormous and effective washington lobby

57
Q

Which of the following plants were incorrectly thought by some to be able to liberate poor countries from dependence on imported oil?

A

Oil palm and Jatorpha

58
Q

What’s the biggest drawback against liquid biofuels as an energy source for modern transportation?

A

System appropriateness

59
Q

Only Brazil and USA has the conditions that can support a relatively large and profitable biofuel industry.

A

FALSE

60
Q

During conversion of Stover to ethanol, dry matter losses of baled Stover would range between:

A

10-25%

61
Q

Most productive commercially established bio-fuel alternative is:

A

Brazilian ethanol from sugar cane

62
Q

What factors makes the cultivation of sugarcane and the subsequent ethanol fermentation a clearly energy - rewarding enterprise?

A

All the choices are correct. Sugarcane photosynthesizes year around, its average global yield is about 65 ton/hectare, do not need any nitrogen fertilizers, ethanol production does not require any external fuel

63
Q

South America is the dominant producer of Bio-diesel.

A

FALSE

64
Q

To meet the current demand of ethanol, ___ percent of land in the tropics need to be utilized for sugar can farming.

A

60

65
Q

What is the foremost consideration for any energy source?

A

Net Energy Return

66
Q

Liquid transportation fuel demand on 2005 was equivalent to about 20 billion metric tons of crude oil.

A

FALSE

67
Q

Back in 2006, annual average subsidy for corn based ethanol in US was as high as $1.39/gallon.

A

TRUE

68
Q

What are the shortcomings of switching to corn based ethanol as alternative fuel?

A

All of them. Soil erosion, very low energy gain, demand of areas for cultivation

69
Q

Which of the countries have the suitable conditions that can support a relatively large and profitable bio fuel industry?

A

Brazil

70
Q

The U.S. Department of Energy has invested in six cellulosic ethanol plants that was supposed to be finished by 2011.

A

TRUE

71
Q

Field availability does not equal ethanol plant input for alternative biofuel production.

A

TRUE

72
Q

Which country was the first serious entry into making liquid fuels from plants for the energy industry?

A

Brazil

73
Q

What hindered the economic development of crop-derived ethanol?

A

None of them

74
Q

What has been portrayed in highly positive terms: as the world’s best choice for cutting dependence on crude oil and lowering the carbon intensity of the global economy as a perfect green energy solution?

A

Ethanol

75
Q

What is the source of cellulosic ethanol?

A

Residual Phytomass

76
Q

Which of the following is not a challenge of cellulosic ethanol production?

A

The residuals are very costly to collect and equally difficult to transport

77
Q

When did accelerated expansion of ethanol fuel began in US?

A

2002

78
Q

Ethanol powered transportation produces more economic, social or environmental benefit as compared to vehicles energized by electricity.

A

FALSE

79
Q

Who sees cellulosic ethanol as a fuel that “is greener, cheaper, more secure than gasoline-and this shift won’t cost the consumer, automakers or the government anything”?

A

Vinod Khosla

80
Q

Energy transitions involve not only new fuel sources but also the gradual diffusion of new prime movers, like the steam engine.

A

TRUE

81
Q

An energy transition _______________________________.

A

encompasses the time that elapses between the introduction of a new primary energy source and its rise to claiming a substantial share of the overall market.

82
Q

It was expected that by the year 2000, 30-50 percent of US energy demand will be met with Nuclear Energy with the superefficient breeder reactors already taking over.

A

FALSE

83
Q

What provided most of the US energy needs by the early 2000s?

A

Petroleum

84
Q

What provided most of the US energy needs by the early 1950s?

A

Petroleum

85
Q

Which part of the country did Boone Picken’s plan focused on?

A

Great Plains

86
Q

In the case of primary energy supply, the time span needed for significant market penetration is mostly a function of financing, developing, and perfecting necessarily inexpensive infrastructures.

A

FALSE

87
Q

Oil took almost exactly thirty years to reach 25 percent of the total energy market share since it’s commercial introduction as an energy source.

A

FALSE

88
Q

What provided most of the US energy needs by the early 2000s?

A

Petroleum

89
Q

___________ is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years and is associated with price declines.

A

Moore’s Law

90
Q

How long did it take for Nuclear Power to have a 10% stake in the overall electricity generation market since its commercial introduction

A

30 years

91
Q

If we are guided by Gore’s specific goals, it is rather easy to quantify America’s repowering challenge.In 2008, the country generated about 3.75 PWh in fossil-fueled and nuclear stations, the two nonrenewable forms of generation that Gore wants to have entirely replaced by renewable conversions.Accordingly, even if all requisite new HV transmission interconnections were in place, slightly more than two units of generating capacity in wind and solar would be needed to replace a unit in coal, gas, oil, and nuclear–and the country would have to build about 1,740 GW of new wind and solar capacityin a decade, 1.75 times as much as it built duringthe past fifty or more years.

A

This statement is true

92
Q

What is “Substantial” share in the energy market?

A

Only A & B. 33 percent among three supply components 25 percent among four

93
Q

Colonel Drake did the first commercial drilling for oil in 1859. How many years was it before the US used more oil than coal as a source of energy?

A

90

94
Q

What provided most of the US energy needs in the early 1800s?

A

Wood

95
Q

What was the forecasted price of solar modules for 2019 by the PV industry (made in 2009)?

A

1.5-$2

96
Q

Al Gore’s call for a rapid, radical replacement of America’s entire thermal electricity generation industry by green alternatives was on 2004.

A

FALSE

97
Q

Finally, when asked to name the world’s most important continuously working prime mover, most people would not name the ________.

A

steam turbine

98
Q

How long did it take for the automotive diesel engine to gain a decisively large market share in US?

A

40 years

99
Q

Apart from a small period during 1980-1985, US dependence on foreign crude oil has been steadily increasing.

A

TRUE

100
Q

The performance of the multi-function concentrating monocrystalline cells were ____ percent at 2010.

A

40

101
Q

What provided most of the US energy needs by the early 1900s?

A

Coal

102
Q

When did oil surpass coal as energy source in the US for the first time?

A

1949

103
Q

The proposals by Gore, Pickens, and others about changing energy sources is that they ignore one of the most important realities: the inherently slow pace of energy transitions. True or false?

A

TRUE

104
Q

Al Gore’s plan is functionally wrong because it predicts photovoltaic cells will drop in price every 18 month while Moore’s law of doubling computer processor speed with reduced price needs 2 years.

A

FALSE

Introduction to Energy (3 decks)

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