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NUR 311 Pharmacology > Exam 3 Study Questions > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What should the nurse check before administering antihypertensives?

A

Blood pressure and pulse

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2
Q

Antihypertensive agents should be given for what period of time?

A

Lifelong

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3
Q

What is the systolic blood pressure range for prehypertension?

A

120-139

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4
Q

What side effect may occur with the co-administration of an antihypertensive drug with another antihypertensive drug or diuretic?

A

Hypotension

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5
Q

Which drug classification is the first-line therapy for hypertension?

A

Thiazides

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6
Q

How do thiazide diuretics affect blood vessels?

A

Arteriole dilation

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7
Q

What are three effects of beta-blockers on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate, AV block, decreased contractility.

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8
Q

Name two ways beta-blockers affect diabetic patients.

A

Block glycogenolysis. Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.

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9
Q

What hormone do beta-1 blockers block?

A

Renin

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10
Q

What is the suffix for beta-blockers?

A

“olol”

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11
Q

Alpha-1 blockers cause what? What disease may they be used for and why? Why are they seldom used?

A

Vasodilation of arterioles and veins. Benign prostatic hypertrophy, because it relaxes the smooth muscle of the prostatic capsule and bladder neck. Increased number of CV events.

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12
Q

By what mechanism do alpha-2 agonists decrease blood pressure? What side effects disappear over time?

A

Decrease sympathetic outflow from brainstem and decrease norepinephrine release. Dry mouth and sedation.

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13
Q

Which alpha-2 agonist is commonly used for hypertension that starts during pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

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14
Q

Direct-acting vasodilators may cause what two important adverse effects? What drug category is used to prevent this?

A

Reflex tachycardia and renin release. Treat with beta-blockers.

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15
Q

Which calcium channel blockers should not be given with beta-blockers? Why?

A

Diltiazem and verapamil. Suppresses heart function in persons with heart disease.

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16
Q

How does grapefruit juice affect calcium channel blocker serum levels? What are the effects?

A

Raise calcium channel blocker serum levels. Raise heart rates in dihydropyridines and decrease heart rates with verapamil or diltiazem.

17
Q

Direct renin inhibitors prevent what? Why is it used?

A

Renin from binding with the receptor. Hypertension.

18
Q

What is a common electrolyte disturbance caused by ACE Inhibitors?

A

Hyperkalemia

19
Q

The patient on an ACE inhibitor asks you whether he should use salt or salt substitute. What do you say?

A

Check to make sure that the salt substitute does not have potassium, which may increase potassium levels to an unsafe level.

20
Q

ACE-Inhibitors cause vasodilation of which blood vessels? Which vasodilates the most?

A

Arterioles and veins. Arterioles.

21
Q

RAAS drugs are the only hypertensive drugs contraindicated for what?

A

Pregnancy

22
Q

Why would a patient be encouraged to lie down prior to the first dose of an ACE-Inhibitor?

A

First dose hypotension

23
Q

What category of diuretics should a person on ACE-Inhibitors avoid?

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

24
Q

What is the suffix for ACE-Inhibitors?

A

“pril”

25
Q

What side effect of ACE Inhibitors commonly leads to the discontinuation of these drugs?

A

Persistent, non-productive cough

26
Q

How do ARBs work?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

27
Q

What is the suffix for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

“sartan”

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

Hypotension, fatigue, headache, dizziness, diarrhea, rare angioedema.

29
Q

How does spironolatone (Aldactone) work?

A

Blocks aldosterone receptors

30
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) may cause gynecomastia by interfering with what?

A

Steroid hormones like progesterone, androgens, corticosteroids

31
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) may cause what electrolyte disturbance?

A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

How does blocking aldosterone affect the sodium stores of the body? How might this influence lithium?

A

Promotes sodium loss which lowers body sodium stores. Prevents excretion of lithium.

33
Q

Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) vasodilates which blood vessels?

A

Arterioles and veins

34
Q

Why is nitroprusside (Nitropress) used?

A

Emergency treatment of severely elevated blood pressure

35
Q

What blood levels are monitored with sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) use?

A

Thiocyanate levels

NUR 311 Pharmacology (4 decks)

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