Exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

The erosion of traditional distinctions among media

A

Convergence

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2
Q

The process of dividing audience members into segments based on background and lifestyle in order to send them messages targeted to their specific characteristics

A

Audience Fragmentation

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3
Q

The integration, for a fee, of specific branded products into media content.

A

Product Placement

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4
Q

A derogatory names sometimes applied to public relations professionals.

A

Flack

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5
Q

Fake grassroots organization

A

Astroturf

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6
Q

Event that has no real informational or issue meaning; its exists merely to attract media attention

A

Pseudo-Event

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7
Q

In PR, any group of people with a stake in an organization, issue, or idea.

A

Public

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8
Q

PR in support of social issues and causes

A

Cause Marketing

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9
Q

In public relations, directly interacting with elected officials or government regulators and agents

A

Lobbying

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10
Q

In PR, outright lying to hide what really happened

A

Spin

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11
Q

Public relations practice of countering the public relations efforts aimed at clients by environmentalists

A

Greenwashing

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12
Q

Combining public relations, marketing, advertising, and promotion into a seamless communication campaign.

A

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)

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13
Q

Newly received or noteworthy information, especially about recent or important events

A

News

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14
Q

Who said this and what were they defining:
The business of practicing and producing and disseminating information about contemporary affairs of general public interest and importance. It is the business of a set of institutions that publicizes… information and commentary on contemporary affairs, normally presented as true and sincere, to a dispersed and anonymous audience so as to publicly include the audience in a discourse taken to be publicly important

A

Schudson’s definition of journalism.

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15
Q

How do we decide what’s news?

A

1) Financial Pressures (ratings/clicks)
2) Political Pressures
3) Format (images?)
4) Audience reception/participation (social media feedback/crowdsourcing)
5) Society (cultural norms)

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16
Q

What are the 8 news values?

A

Impact- how many people does the story impact

Timeliness- recency of the event/information

Prominence- Involve someone prominent?

Proximiy- closeness of an issue to the audience (could be geographic, could be more about shared values)

The Bizarre- unusual stories that capture attention

Conflict

Currency- a trend or issue that eventual bubbles up to the surface

Human interest- softer news

17
Q

Where does news originate?

A

Naturally-occuring events: fires, hurricanes

18
Q

State laws that protect journalists from being found in contempt of court for refusing to reveal a source or other confidential information.

A

Shield Laws

19
Q

A person who writes for newspapers or magazines or prepares news to be broadcast on radio or television

A

Journalist

20
Q

How do people find news?

A

30% of people get their news on Facebook.

Referral Traffic

21
Q

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

A

The First Amendment

22
Q

Basically means that the government cannot censor the speech prior to publication/utterance

A

Prior Restraint

23
Q

What are some examples of prior restraint?

A

Licensing

Injunctions that prohibit publication

Informal coercion

24
Q

What categories of speech are NOT protected by the first amendment?

A

Libel (conditional)

Incitement to violence/true threats

Obscenity

Threats to national security

25
Q

Freedom from interference by other people (in this case, the government)

A

Negative Freedom

26
Q

The possession of the power and resources to fulfill one’s potential

A

Positive Freedom

27
Q

When was the First Amendment ratified?

A

1791

28
Q

People or organizations seeking publicity, often stories suggested or pitched by PR practitioners

A

Created News

29
Q

Journalists take the initiative, develop stories from beat or investigative reporting

A

Enterprise reporting

30
Q

Take a broader topic and break it to a more specialized area

A

Beat reporting

31
Q

What is the standard news cycle?

A

Breaking News
Story continues to develop
Long-term/Continuous Coverage

32
Q

Is law neutral?

A

(In theory) law is fair and applied evenly BUT law is crafted by people who are not neutral and are not perfect

33
Q

What are the guarantees within the First Amendment?

A

We are protected from Congress to respect the free exercise of religion, speech, press, right to peaceably assemble and right to petition

34
Q

Was the First Amendment originally conceived to prevent prior restraint?

A

Yes

35
Q

Is all speech protected by the First Amendment?

A

No