Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Human birth weight is an example of which type of selection
stabilizing
A mule which is the offspring of a horse and a donkey and is sterile is an example of which type of reproductive isolation?
reduced hybrid fertility
What is it called when allelic frequency in a population changes because a few individuals were separated from the main population and started a new population?
founder effect
Large antlers in male elk but not in female elk is a result of sexual selection.
true
The idea that individuals best adapted to survive/reproduce leave more offspring, so the next generation has more of the adaptive alleles is called
natural selection
individuals can evolve
false
evolution is defined as a change in allele or genotype frequency in a population over time
true
using observable traits is an easy way to calculate genotypic frequency
true
which of these do you need to know to calculate allele frequency
number of copies of an allele in a population and total number of alleles for that trait in a population
mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial to an organism
true
what causes genetic variation
mutation and recombination of genes
a population must have variance in a trait for natural selection to occur on that trait
true
The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is intermediate between those of the homozygous genotypes in incomplete dominance.
true
The principle of independent assortment states that segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair is independent of the segregation of another set of alleles of a different gene pair.
true
Which is the most common type of mutation?
point
If a person inherits the same allele for a gene from both parents, they are ______ for that gene?
homozygous
What type of mutations have no effect on an organism and are often found in noncoding DNA?
neutral
An extra Y chromosome has little to no affect on male development because few functional genes exist on the Y chromosome other than the gene that stimulate the male developmental pathway.
true
In nonhumans (particularly plants) polyploidy is common and can be beneficial.
true
Between 1856-1864, who demonstrated the basic principles of transmission genetics using the pea plant as his experimental organism?
mendel
The different forms of a gene are called alleles. The combination of alleles in an individual is its genotype and the expression of the trait is its phenotype.
true
In a classic Mendelian inheritance pattern, what is the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes?
3:1
