Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

Human birth weight is an example of which type of selection

Answer 1

stabilizing

Question 2

A mule which is the offspring of a horse and a donkey and is sterile is an example of which type of reproductive isolation?

Answer 2

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 3

What is it called when allelic frequency in a population changes because a few individuals were separated from the main population and started a new population?

Answer 3

founder effect

Question 4

Large antlers in male elk but not in female elk is a result of sexual selection.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

The idea that individuals best adapted to survive/reproduce leave more offspring, so the next generation has more of the adaptive alleles is called

Answer 5

natural selection

Question 6

individuals can evolve

Answer 6

false

Question 7

evolution is defined as a change in allele or genotype frequency in a population over time

Answer 7

true

Question 8

using observable traits is an easy way to calculate genotypic frequency

Answer 8

true

Question 9

which of these do you need to know to calculate allele frequency

Answer 9

number of copies of an allele in a population and total number of alleles for that trait in a population

Question 10

mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial to an organism

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what causes genetic variation

Answer 11

mutation and recombination of genes

Question 12

a population must have variance in a trait for natural selection to occur on that trait

Answer 12

true

Question 13

The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is intermediate between those of the homozygous genotypes in incomplete dominance.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

The principle of independent assortment states that segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair is independent of the segregation of another set of alleles of a different gene pair.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Which is the most common type of mutation?

Answer 15

point

Question 16

If a person inherits the same allele for a gene from both parents, they are ______ for that gene?

Answer 16

homozygous

Question 17

What type of mutations have no effect on an organism and are often found in noncoding DNA?

Answer 17

neutral

Question 18

An extra Y chromosome has little to no affect on male development because few functional genes exist on the Y chromosome other than the gene that stimulate the male developmental pathway.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

In nonhumans (particularly plants) polyploidy is common and can be beneficial.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Between 1856-1864, who demonstrated the basic principles of transmission genetics using the pea plant as his experimental organism?

Answer 20

mendel

Question 21

The different forms of a gene are called alleles. The combination of alleles in an individual is its genotype and the expression of the trait is its phenotype.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

In a classic Mendelian inheritance pattern, what is the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes?

Answer 22

3:1