Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

Appropriate toy for 12mo old to promote growth and development

Answer 1

Plastic bowls, cups, buckets
Unbreakable mirror
Large building blocks
Stacking toys
Busy toys
Balls
Dolls
Books
Toy telephone
Pull-push toys

Question 2

Normal/Expected weight for 6mo old

Answer 2

Around 15lbs
(double birth weight typically by 4-5 mo)

Question 3

Expected gross/Fine motor for 8mo old

Answer 3

Sitting up unsupported
beginning to crawl
"gross" pincer grasp (thumb and 1st finger)(rakes)
Beginning to babble
respond to simple commands

Question 4

Regressive behaviors a toddler may show when a sibling comes home

Answer 4

Desire a bottle or pacifier forgotten long ago
Stops displaying previously achieved language or motor skills
Disrupts toilet teaching progress

Question 5

What type of play do toddlers typically engage in?

Answer 5

Parallel play

Question 6

Cognitive characteristics of middle school age child

Answer 6

Stage: CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
 Learns by manipulating concrete objects
 Lacks ability to think abstractly
 Learns that certain characteristics of objects remain constant
 Understands concepts of time
 Engages in serial ordering, addition, subtraction.
 Classifies or groups objects by their common elements
 Understands relationships among objects
 Starts collections of items
 Can reverse thought process

Question 7

Object permanence - what does it look like for a 10mo old?

Answer 7

If an object is hidden from the infant’s sight, they will search for it in the last place seen, knowing it still exists. Essential for development of self-image.

Question 8

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Middle school age follows rules because

Answer 8

Conventional moral development

Age 7-10 (Stage 3, Interpersonal conforming) follows rules because
>a sense of being a good person
>wants to be a good person to themselves, parents, friends, teachers
>Adult is viewed as being right

Age 10-12
(Stage 4, Law and order)
>Can determine if action is good or bad based on reason for action, not just consequences
>Guided by desire to cooperate and respect for others
>uses concept of “golden rule”

Question 9

Thelarche and relation to female puberty

Answer 9

Breast budding, usually occurs at 9-11, followed by growth of pubic hair

Question 10

Healthy People 2020 and 2030 Objective for children and parents EMC-01

Answer 10

Increase the proportion of children and adolescents who communicate positively with their parents (Getting worse 68.5%)

Question 11

When the adolescent comes in for a visit the nurse should never promise confidentiality (that depends on if the person wants to harm themselves or others) but the RN should focus on just letting them What?

Answer 11

o Set aside appropriate amount of time to discuss subject matter without interruptions.
o Talk face to face. Be aware of body language.
o Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way.
o Ask him or her to be patient as you tell your thoughts
o Choose words carefully so they understand you
o Tell them exactly what you mean
o Give praise and approval to your teenager often
o Speak to your teenager as am equal-don’t talk down to him or her.
o Be aware of your tone of voice and body language.
o Don’t pretend you know all the answers
o Admit that you do make mistakes
o Set rules and limits fairly.

Question 12

Erickson’s stage for Infants

Answer 12

o Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1 year)
 Development of a sense of trust is crucial in the first year, serves as the foundation for later psychosocial tasks
 When the infants’ needs are consistently met, the infant develops this sense of trust.
• Caregivers respond to the infant’s basic needs by feeding, changing diapers, cleaning, touching, holding, and talking to the infant. This creates a sense of trust in the infant.
 If parent or caregiver is inconsistent in meeting the infants needs in a timely manner, then the infant develops a sense of mistrust.

Question 13

Infant pattern of growth and development

Answer 13

Gross motor Cephalocaudal, Fine motor Proximodistal, differentiation-simple to complex

Question 14

Toddler pattern of growth and development

Answer 14

Non-linear

Question 15

Preschooler pattern of growth and development

Answer 15

physical growth slows, cognitive and psychosocial growth are substantial.

Question 16

School age pattern of growth and development

Answer 16

Development focuses on maturity of body and increases in complexity

Question 17

Adolescent pattern of growth and development

Answer 17

Dramatic body changes and advancement in psychosexual development

Question 18

Erickson’s stage for adolescent

Answer 18

Identity vs. role confusion or diffusion

Question 19

Erickson’s Identity vs. role confusion or diffusion developments
EARLY STAGE

Answer 19

Age 10-13
• Focuses on bodily changes
• Experiences frequent mood changes
• importance placed on conformity to peer norms and peer acceptance
• Strives to master skills within peer groups
• Defining boundaries with parents and authority figures
• Early stage of emancipation – struggles to separate from parents while still desiring dependence upon them.
• Identifies with the same sex peers.
• Takes more responsibility for own behaviors

Question 20

Erickson’s Identity vs. role confusion or diffusion developments
MIDDLE STAGE

Answer 20

Age 14-16
• Continues to adjust to changed body image
• Tries out different roles within peer groups
• Need for acceptance by peer groups at the highest level
• Interested in attracting opposite gender
• Time of greatest conflict with parents/authority figures.

Question 21

Erickson’s Identity vs role confusion or diffusion developments
LATE STAGE

Answer 21

Age 17-20
• Able to understand implications of behavior and decisions
• Roles within peer groups established
• Feels secure with body image
• Has matured sexual identity
• Has idealistic career goals
• Importance of individual friendships emerges
• Process of emancipation from family almost complete

Question 22

Best way to assess 12mo old

Answer 22

Talk quiet, unhurried, non-threatening voice.

In arms of a parent/caregiver

Question 23

Common causes of injury for an infant

Answer 23

Falls
suffocation
choking
drowning

Question 24

Signs of developmental delay 18 months

Answer 24

Child is NOT
walking,
speaking 15 words
understand functions of household items

Question 25

Signs of developmental delay 2 years

Answer 25

Child is/can NOT
use 2 word sentences
imitate actions
follow basic instructions
push a toy with wheels

Question 26

Signs of developmental delay 3 years

Answer 26

Child has
•	Difficulty with stairs
•	Frequent falling
•	Cannot build tower of more than four block
•	Difficulty manipulating small objects
•	Extreme difficulty in separation from parent or caregiver
•	Cannot copy a circle
•	Does not engage in make believe play
•	Cannot communicate in short phrases
•	Does not understand simple instructions
•	Little interest in other children
•	Unclear speech, persistent drooling.

Question 27

Common fears or stressors for a hospitalized toddler

Answer 27

o	Loss of parents (separation anxiety)
o	Fear of strangers
o	Loud noises
o	Large or unfamiliar animals
o	Afraid of the dark – a nightlight in the room may be helpful.

Question 28

Signs of developmental delay in a school age child

Answer 28

Exhibiting behavior of a younger child ex: needing special comfort toys or demanding parental attention.

Question 29

What to use with an 8 yr old to do chores

Answer 29

directions, punishment and reward

Question 30

Ways to improve communication with teens (“moody 14 yr old and parents”)

Answer 30

o Set aside appropriate amount of time to discuss subject matter without interruptions.
o Talk face to face. Be aware of body language.
o Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way.
o Ask him or her to be patient as you tell your thoughts
o Choose words carefully so they understand you
o Tell them exactly what you mean
o Give praise and approval to your teenager often
o Speak to your teenager as am equal-don’t talk down to him or her.
o Be aware of your tone of voice and body language.
o Don’t pretend you know all the answers
o Admit that you do make mistakes
o Set rules and limits fairly.

Question 31

12 year old boy worried about being short

Answer 31

Growth spurt happens between 10.5 and 16. He still has plenty of time to grow.

Question 32

Primary focus for healthy lifestyle for adolescents

Answer 32

The adolescents need support from and guidance of parents and nurses to facilitate healthy lifestyles and reduce risk-taking behaviors such as drinking, drug use, sexual activity, and participating in reckless behavior or dangerous activities.

Question 33

Age to introduce solid foods

Answer 33

6 months

Question 34

Infant car seats

Answer 34

Birth to 2 years

Rear-facing, center of backseat, never placed in front seat with airbag, never left unattended

Question 35

Toddler Car seats

Answer 35

Back seat, rear facing until 2, forward facing after 2, If back seat is unavailable a forward facing car seat may be used in the front with airbag disarmed.

Question 36

Preschool car seat

Answer 36

forward facing, based on height and weight, back seat. Booster recommended until height of 4’9” and age 8-12.

Question 37

School age car seat

Answer 37

over 40lbs use a belt-positioning, forward facing booster seat using lap and shoulder belt. Children younger than 13 should not ride in the front seat

Question 38

Age to ride a bike

Answer 38

6-8 years

Question 39

Piaget School Age Stage:

Answer 39

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
 Learns by manipulating concrete objects
 Lack ability to think abstractly
 Learns that certain characteristics of objects remain constant
 Understands concepts of time
 Engages in serial ordering addition subtraction
 Classifies or groups objects by their common elements
 Understands relationships among objects
 Starts collections of items
 Can reverse thought process