Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

1. Define obstruent/nonresonant consonants.

Answer 1

A consonant sound formed by obstruction airflow.

Question 2

2. Define nonobstruent/resonant consonants

Answer 2

A sound made with no obstruction

Question 3

What are the obstruent/nonresonant consonants

Answer 3

Stops, Affricates, Fricatives

Question 4

What are the stops?

Answer 4

t/d p/b g/k

Question 5

What are affricates?

Answer 5

ch j

Question 6

What are fricatives?

Answer 6

v/f th(voiced & not) z/s zh/sh h

Question 7

What are the nonobstruent/resonant consonants

Answer 7

Nasals, Glides, Liquids

Question 8

What are glides?

Answer 8

w, j

Question 9

What are liquids?

Answer 9

l, r

Question 10

In nasals, where does the acoustic energy resonate?

Answer 10

The Velopharynx is open and acoustic energy resonates through the nasal cavity.

Question 11

What are two reasons why /w, j, r, l/ are called semivowels.

Answer 11

• Because their formant structures are like those for vowels.
• The vocal tract is relatively open like with vowels.

Question 12

Are all resonant consonants voiced?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

With resonant consonants what do the vocal folds do?

Answer 13

vibrate

Question 14

What are three ways that resonant and nonresonant consonants are different?

Answer 14

1. Characterizations- resonants, less constriction in the airflow through the vocal tract. Nonresonants, constricted airflow.
2. Nonresonant consonants have little to or no formant structures.
3. Nonresonants have a presence of audible noise

Question 15

What are the three phases of stop productions

Answer 15

1. Closure
2. Release
3. Formant transition

Question 16

What is happening with the articulators during the closure phase of stop productions?

Answer 16

There is a complete block in the vocal tract.

Question 17

What is happening with the articulators during the release phase of stop productions.

Answer 17

The blockage opens in the vocal tract.

Question 18

What is happening with the articulators during the formant transition phase of stop productions.

Answer 18

They are moving to the position for the next sound.

Question 19

What is the closure duration for voiceless stops?

Answer 19

50-100 ms

Question 20

Do voiced stops have a shorter or longer closure duration compared to voiceless stops?

Answer 20

Shorter

Question 21

Define prevoicing on a spectrogram

Answer 21

___ is to the left of the release and the right of the closure.

Question 22

Define vibratory decay on a spectogram

Answer 22

___ is to the left of the closure