EXAM 3 SHORT VERSION Flashcards
What is the Uniformity Assumption in military culture?
Myth that all military personnel have the same experiences; reality is roles and personal backgrounds vary greatly.
Nursing implication is to avoid stereotyping and treat each person individually.
What is the Hero Narrative Oversimplification in military culture?
Myth that all service members are heroes and emotionally resilient; reality is this label can prevent people from expressing struggles.
Nursing implication is to recognize that the hero narrative may hide mental health needs.
What does the myth ‘Mental Health Equals Weakness’ imply for military members?
Myth that military members don’t need mental health care; reality is many avoid seeking help due to stigma and fear of career harm.
Nursing implication is to understand stigma as a barrier and approach care with cultural sensitivity.
Who are included in the military subpopulations?
Active duty, veterans, spouses, children, civilian defense employees.
Nursing implication is to extend culturally competent care to all military-connected individuals.
How does stress affect combat vs. non-combat roles in the military?
Stress affects all roles—not just combat, including administrative, logistics, and medical.
Nursing implication is to assess for stress exposure in all areas.
What percentage of eligible veterans are enrolled in VA services?
Only 41% of eligible veterans are enrolled in VA services.
Many receive care in civilian settings where cultural understanding may be lacking.
What types of stress injuries are recognized beyond PTSD and TBI?
Grief Injury, Moral Injury, Fatigue Injury.
Nursing implication is to screen for all types of stress injuries.
What is a Delayed Impact of Trauma?
Symptoms may not appear until long after exposure or deployment.
Nursing implication is to watch for delayed symptoms, even when patients seem stable.
What is the military ethos regarding strength and risk?
Strengths include courage, resilience, self-discipline; risks include suppressing emotions and discouraging seeking help.
Nursing implication is to respect values while encouraging open discussion and care-seeking behavior.
What cultural stigma can affect military personnel?
Stoicism and self-sacrifice can suppress emotional expression.
Nursing implication is to normalize mental health as part of strength and overall wellness.
What is the Civilian-Military Cultural Disconnect?
Providers unfamiliar with military life may unintentionally cause distrust.
Nursing implication is that cultural humility is key—seek understanding, not assumptions.
What can cause veterans to change providers?
Veterans often change providers if they feel misunderstood; weak rapport can lead to rejection of even evidence-based care.
Nursing implication is to build long-term trust and show consistent support.
What are the consequences of language barriers in healthcare?
Miscommunication, decreased patient satisfaction, delayed diagnosis or treatment, poor health outcomes.
Addressing language barriers is crucial for effective patient care.
What is the best practice for using interpreters in healthcare?
Always use professional interpreters for accurate communication, preservation of confidentiality, and culturally appropriate language.
Avoid using family or friends as interpreters due to risks of misinterpretation.
How should healthcare providers communicate through an interpreter?
Speak directly to the patient, use first-person language, and avoid idioms, slang, and medical jargon.
Positioning of the interpreter is also important for maintaining eye contact with the patient.
What are the key characteristics of Cultural Assessment?
Respectful and individualized, ongoing and dynamic, holistic and comprehensive, collaborative.
Each characteristic is essential for effective cultural assessment.
What is the purpose of a cultural assessment in nursing?
To gather relevant cultural information about a patient to plan culturally appropriate care.
Goals include understanding the patient’s unique cultural context and developing a culturally congruent care plan.
What does the RESPECT model stand for?
Respect, Explanatory model, Social context, Preferences, Empowerment, Concerns, Trust.
This model guides culturally competent interactions.
How can spiritual beliefs be integrated into care?
Use spiritual assessment tools, include spiritual practices in care plans, and coordinate with spiritual leaders.
Respecting patient beliefs is crucial for holistic care.
What are the ethical responsibilities in providing care?
Respect for autonomy, cultural competence, nonmaleficence, justice.
These principles guide ethical nursing practice.
What is culturally appropriate care?
Care that respects and integrates a patient’s cultural beliefs, values, practices, and language preferences.
It is vital for improving trust, communication, and patient satisfaction.
What is the importance of self-awareness in culturally competent practice?
Critical reflection on your own culture, biases, and assumptions helps avoid ethnocentrism.
Self-awareness fosters better patient-provider relationships.
What should be considered when adapting care plans to culture?
Preserve helpful practices, accommodate values and rituals, and repattern unsafe practices through education.
Tailoring care plans ensures alignment with patient needs.
What are some examples of culturally and spiritually congruent care?
Adjusting medication schedules for fasting, providing same-gender providers, respecting dietary needs.
Such adaptations enhance patient comfort and adherence.
What is cultural humility in healthcare?
Approach each patient as the expert on their own culture.
What does justice in healthcare entail?
Provide equal access to culturally appropriate services.
Define nonmaleficence in a healthcare context.
Avoid causing harm through ignorance or bias.
Why is confidentiality important in discussions involving cultural or spiritual issues?
Especially important due to the sensitivity of the topics.
What is one example of adjusting care for cultural practices?
Adjusting insulin schedules for patients fasting during Ramadan.
What is the FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool used for?
To help healthcare professionals initiate and guide conversations about spirituality in clinical settings.
What does ‘F’ in the FICA tool stand for?
Faith, Belief, Meaning.
What is the goal of the ‘I’ in the FICA tool?
Assess the role of spirituality in the patient’s life and healthcare decisions.
What does ‘C’ in the FICA tool refer to?
Community.
What does ‘A’ in the FICA tool represent?
Address/Action in Care.
What is a key nursing tip when using the FICA tool?
Ask in context, such as following a diagnosis or during life changes.
Name a strategy for learning about an unfamiliar culture in healthcare.
Conduct a Cultural Assessment.
What is an important consideration when using interpreters in healthcare?
Use professional interpreters if language barriers exist.
What should nurses document regarding cultural preferences?
Language needs, dietary restrictions, decision-making preferences, spiritual or religious considerations.
What is the role of spiritual reflection in healthcare?
Helps patients understand their illness, cope with loss, and reevaluate life’s purpose.
What is the RESPECT Model used for?
A framework for culturally competent communication between nurses and patients.
What does ‘R’ in the RESPECT model stand for?
Respect.
What is the goal of the ‘E’ in the RESPECT model?
Understand the patient’s personal interpretation of their illness.
What does ‘S’ in the RESPECT model refer to?
Social and Cultural Context.
What is the purpose of the ‘P’ in the RESPECT model?
Identify the patient’s preferred ways to receive care.
What does ‘E’ in the RESPECT model promote?
Empowerment and patient autonomy.
What is the focus of spiritual development in older adults?
Engage in life review, forgiveness, and spiritual legacy.
What is one nursing implication for preschool-aged children?
Encourage imaginative expression, such as storytelling or drawings.
Fill in the blank: Spirituality is _______ and evolves throughout the lifespan.
[developmental]
True or False: The FICA tool is a rigid checklist.
False.
What should nurses include in care planning based on spiritual reflection?
Desire for privacy, support for rituals, preferences for decision-making aligned with beliefs.
What is one way to support adolescents in spiritual exploration?
Create a safe space for spiritual dialogue.
What should nurses be aware of regarding their own values in patient care?
How their own values and norms may affect care delivery.
What does the E in the RESPECT model stand for?
Empowerment
Promote patient autonomy by including them in decisions and giving them a sense of control.
What is the goal of the ‘C’ in the RESPECT model?
Concerns
Explore and address the patient’s worries, fears, or misunderstandings about their diagnosis or care.
What does the T in the RESPECT model signify?
Trust
Build a trusting relationship through consistent, compassionate, and nonjudgmental care.
How is trust built in the RESPECT model?
By showing cultural humility, listening actively, and adapting to patient preferences.
What is one goal of the RESPECT model?
Provide patient-centered care
By honoring individual and cultural preferences in the care plan.
What strategies should nurses use in the assessment process according to the RESPECT model?
Use early in assessment to establish trust and gather critical information.
What should be included in the cultural/spiritual assessment?
Food preferences, prohibited items, fasting periods, sacred meals or preparation methods.
What are common dietary restrictions in Islam?
Pork, pork byproducts, alcohol; Halal food required.
What fasting practices are associated with Judaism?
Yom Kippur: 25-hour fast; no food or drink.
What does culturally congruent care entail?
Nursing care that fits a person’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices.
Which framework is used to integrate dietary practices into care?
Preserve, Accommodate, Repattern Approach.
What is the purpose of the Teach-Back method?
To confirm comprehension and ensure patients understand health information correctly.
When should the Teach-Back method be used?
After explaining a diagnosis, medication instructions, follow-up care, spiritual support options.
What is a key cultural consideration regarding eye contact?
In some cultures, direct eye contact shows respect, while in others, it may be considered rude.
What nursing action should be taken if a dietary practice poses a risk?
Work with the patient to modify safely.
What are the core principles of culturally congruent care?
- Respect for cultural diversity
- Cultural humility over cultural competence
- Patient-centered decision-making
- Integration of cultural practices into care planning
- Recognition of social determinants of health.
What is one implication of increasing cultural and ethnic diversity in the U.S. for nursing practice?
Need for cultural competence and humility.
What is the significance of using professional interpreters?
Never use family or untrained interpreters, speak directly to the patient.
What should be documented in relation to patient dietary practices?
- Religious dietary restrictions
- Fasting practices
- Cultural food preferences.
What is a common dietary restriction in Hinduism?
Beef (cow is sacred); often vegetarian.
What does the term ‘cultural humility’ mean?
Acknowledge that you are a learner, not the expert, on the patient’s culture.
What should nurses do when unsure about a patient’s comfort with nonverbal communication?
Ask directly about their preferences.
What are common dietary restrictions in Buddhism?
Many are vegetarian or vegan; some avoid garlic/onions.
What is the goal of the ‘P’ in the RESPECT model?
Preferences
Ask about care preferences (e.g., gender of provider, rituals).
What is a common dietary restriction for Seventh-day Adventists?
Vegetarian or vegan; avoid caffeine, alcohol, pork.
What should nurses do to support culturally congruent care?
Perform a cultural assessment.
What is one nursing consideration for fasting patients during Ramadan?
Collaborate on medication timing.
What is an example of a fasting practice in Christianity?
No meat on Fridays during Lent; may fast on Ash Wednesday/Good Friday.
What should be included in interdisciplinary team reports?
Cultural food preferences.
What should nurses avoid when communicating with patients from diverse backgrounds?
Assumptions based on appearance or group affiliation.
What must nurses do to effectively care for patients from diverse cultures?
Approach each patient with openness and a willingness to learn
Acknowledging that no nurse can know every culture.
What is a significant trend regarding limited English proficiency (LEP) populations?
Significant increases in LEP populations
Nurses must be trained in working with interpreters.
What health disparities are associated with language barriers?
- Reduced access to care
- Poorer health outcomes
- Increased risk of medical errors
What are some examples of growing religious diversity in patient backgrounds?
- Christianity
- Islam
- Judaism
- Hinduism
- Buddhism
- Sikhism
- Indigenous traditions
- Secular humanism
What is a key characteristic of younger generations in the U.S. regarding diversity?
More racially and ethnically diverse
More likely to identify as LGBTQ+ and more religiously unaffiliated.
What systemic inequities must nurses address to promote health equity?
- Higher rates of chronic illness
- Lower access to care
- Increased exposure to environmental and social stressors
What are some culturally responsive systems of care that institutions should provide?
- Interpreter services
- Staff training on diversity and inclusion
- Policies for cultural and religious accommodations
How is culture defined in the context of healthcare?
The shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and traditions that guide individuals’ worldview and behavior.
What are the key characteristics of culture?
- Learned
- Dynamic
- Shared
- Symbolic
- Integrated
What influences do cultural characteristics have on health?
- Health beliefs and illness perceptions
- Approaches to healing
- Roles in decision-making
- Attitudes toward healthcare providers
What are some examples of cultural characteristics that influence care?
- Language
- Health beliefs
- Diet and foodways
- Decision-making
- Healing practices
- Time orientation
- Gender roles
- Spirituality
How can culture affect the understanding of illness?
May be attributed to sin, imbalance, fate, or spirits.
What is the relationship between spirituality and culture?
Spirituality is often closely tied to culture and may include daily rituals, moral codes, and beliefs about healing.
What is a cultural assessment in nursing?
Exploring beliefs, practices, and customs across multiple domains.
What should nurses avoid when working with culturally diverse patients?
Avoid assumptions about beliefs and practices.
What is a cultural worldview?
The overall perspective through which individuals from a particular culture see and interpret life, health, illness, suffering, death, and healing.
What are core cultural worldview variables?
- Time orientation
- Social orientation / family roles
- Activity orientation
- Human nature orientation
- Relationship with nature or the environment
- Locus of control
What is the difference between culture and ethnicity?
Culture is broader, including values and beliefs; ethnicity is narrower, based on ancestry and heritage.
What influences cultural identity?
- Personal values
- Religion or spirituality
- Language
- Upbringing and life experience
How can nurses improve cultural awareness?
- Practice cultural humility
- Engage in cultural encounters
- Conduct cultural self-assessments
- Participate in education and training
What are some barriers to cultural awareness in nursing?
- Stereotyping or generalizing
- Discomfort with unfamiliar cultures
- Time pressure in clinical care
- Language barriers
- Bias or assumptions
What is assimilation in a cultural context?
The process by which individuals or groups fully adopt the culture of another group.
What is assimilation?
The process by which individuals or groups fully adopt the culture of another group, often losing aspects of their original culture.
Often occurs when minority groups conform to the dominant culture to fit in.
What nursing implication arises from understanding assimilation?
Do not assume assimilation means a patient has abandoned their heritage. Explore what cultural practices the patient still values and wishes to maintain.
Define acculturation.
The process of adapting to a new culture while retaining aspects of one’s original culture.
Different from assimilation—acculturation allows for cultural blending, not full replacement.
What is enculturation?
The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and behaviors of one’s native culture, typically from childhood.
How does enculturation affect nursing practice?
Enculturation shapes worldview—understanding a patient’s cultural background can help explain their values and health behaviors.
What are rituals in a cultural context?
Formal, symbolic actions or behaviors that express cultural, religious, or spiritual meaning.
What nursing implication should be considered regarding rituals?
Ask about and accommodate rituals when safe and appropriate. Rituals offer comfort, meaning, and connection during illness and stress.
What is the difference between generalizing and stereotyping?
Generalizing involves identifying patterns in a cultural group while acknowledging individual differences. Stereotyping is making fixed, oversimplified assumptions about a group.
What is prejudice?
A preconceived opinion or judgment about a person or group, often based on race, ethnicity, culture, religion, or other identity markers.
What is discrimination?
The action or behavior that results from prejudice, often leading to unfair treatment of individuals based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or other identity.
How does low income affect health outcomes?
Low income is identified as a major risk factor for poor health outcomes, linked to higher morbidity, increased mortality, and reduced life expectancy.
List some chronic illnesses more frequent in low-income individuals.
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Heart disease
- Asthma
- Mental health disorders
What are some barriers to care faced by low-income Americans?
- Underinsurance or no insurance
- Transportation and access issues
- Health literacy challenges
What is health literacy?
An individual’s ability to obtain, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about their care.
Identify populations at risk for low health literacy.
- Low-income individuals
- Older adults
- People with limited education
- Immigrants and non-English speakers
- Racial and ethnic minorities
- Rural populations
What are some nursing strategies for improving health literacy?
- Use clear, plain language
- Employ the teach-back method
- Incorporate interpreters and translations
- Assess for health literacy without judgment
- Provide culturally and linguistically appropriate education
What does eye contact signify in Western cultures?
It is often seen as a sign of confidence, honesty, and attentiveness.
How is eye contact interpreted in Asian cultures?
Direct eye contact may be considered rude or confrontational, especially toward authority figures or elders.
What nursing implication should be followed regarding eye contact?
Avoid making assumptions about eye contact behaviors; understand that a patient avoiding eye contact may be showing respect.
What is a common eye contact norm in Middle Eastern cultures?
Direct eye contact between unrelated men and women may be considered inappropriate or disrespectful.
What can be inferred about eye contact in Indigenous American and Alaska Native cultures?
Avoiding eye contact can be a sign of respect or humility, particularly in interactions with elders or authority figures.
