Exam 3 review questions Flashcards
what phrase describes the current best accepted description of membrane structure, published by singer and Nicholson?
Fluid mosaic model
what category of membrane lipid generally functions as “antennae” sensors and receptors by which the cell interacts with its environment?
glycolipid
what botanical sounding word describes either one of the two monolayers of the lipid bilayer?
leaflet
what term describes the driving mechanism that hold the phospholipids in place in the lipid bilayer of a membrane?
hydrophobic force
what is the process that requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient through membrane carrier proteins?
active transport
what is the passive process by which materials pass through channel proteins from one side of the membrane to the other?
facilitated transport
what is the characteristic exhibited by membranes by which they allow passage of some chemicals but not others?
selective permeability
what category of membrane proteins are bonded loosely to the surface of a phospholipid layer, so that their removal does no disrupt the bilayer?
peripheral proteins
…molecules through membranes by active transport, harnessing energy from ATP hydrolysis
Transport ATPase pump
…large organic molecules through membranes either passively or actively by various mechanisms although never harnessing ATP hydrolysis
carrier proteins
…two kinds of large organic molecules through membranes in opposite directions.
antiport
…specific ions through the membrane passively by facilitated diffusion?
ion channel
…specifically, water, through the membrane passively by facilitated diffusion?
aquaporin
…water, other small molecules or specific ions through membrane passively by facilitated diffusion.
channel protein
…two kinds of large organic molecules through the membrane in the same direction
symport
Which letter is in front of exoplasmic membrane faces (E faces):
A. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast the faces the cytosol
B. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast that faces the intermembrane space
C. the face of the thylakoid that faces the stroma
D. the face of the thylakoid that faces the interior lumen of the thylakoid
E. the chloroplast, being a prokaryotic endosymbiont and not part of the eukaryotic cell, all these membrane faces are exoplasmic or E faces
B. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast that faces the intermembrane space
C. the face of the thylakoid that faces the stroma
Which letter is in front of exoplasmic membrane faces (E faces):
A. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast the faces the cytosol
B. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast that faces the intermembrane space
C. the face of the thylakoid that faces the stroma
D. the face of the thylakoid that faces the interior lumen of the thylakoid
E. the chloroplast, being a prokaryotic endosymbiont and not part of the eukaryotic cell, all these membrane faces are exoplasmic or E faces
B. the face of the outer membrane of the chloroplast that faces the intermembrane space
C. the face of the thylakoid that faces the stroma
What three-word phrase describes all the collective physical and chemical factors that affect the rate of diffusion through a medium?
resistance to flow
what component of a microtubule is formed by a string of alpha and beta tubulin proteins? Thirteen of these form the perimeter of a microtubule.
protoflilaments
In animal cells, what spheroidal organelle forms the microtubule organizing center?
centrosome
recent research suggest that in plant cells, what cell structure functions as the microtubule organizing center?
nuclear envelope
what is the structural and functional unit of ciliar and flagellar movement?
axoneme
what term describes the parallel bundles of contractile fibers located inside skeletal muscle cells?
sarcolemma
The various physical and chemical properties of the diffusing substance and the medium through which is it diffusing that determine the value of the coefficient of diffusion D include:
A. concentration of the diffusing substance
B. density, viscosity, and polarity of the medium
C. distance over which the diffusing substance diffuses
D. molecular weight of the diffusing substance
E. temperature of the system
B. density, viscosity, and polarity of the medium
D. molecular weight of the diffusing substance
E. temperature of the system
What characteristics make a semipermeable membrane semipermeable?
A. The solute is permeable through the membrane
B. the solvent is permeable through the membrane
C. the solute is not permeable through the membrane
D. the solvent is not permeable through the membrane
E. the membrane shows “selective permeability” selectively determining what is permeable or not
B. the solvent is permeable through the membrane
C. the solute is not permeable through the membrane
what characteristics define an osmotic solute?
A. the solute is soluble in the solvent
B. the solute is permeable through the membrane
C. the solute is not permeable through the membrane
D. the solute must ionize upon dissolving in the solvent
E. the solute must not ionize upon dissolving in the solvent
A. the solute is soluble in the solvent
C. the solute is not permeable through the membrane
which statement best describes the microtubule arrangement of centrioles and basal bodies?
A. nine sets of microtubule doublets
B. nine sets of microtubule triplets
C. nine sets of microtubule doublets with a central microtubule
D. nine sets of microtubule doublets with a central pair of microtubules
E. nine sets of microtubule triplets with a pair of microtubules
B. nine sets of microtubule triplets
which statement best describes the microtubule arrangement of cilia and flagella?
A. nine sets of microtubule doublets
B. nine sets of microtubule triplets
C. nine sets of microtubule doublets with a central microtubule
D. nine sets of microtubule doublets with a central pair of microtubules
E. nine sets of microtubule triplets with a central pair of microtubules
D. nine sets of microtubule doublets with a central pair of microtubules
