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Bio > Exam 3 review > Flashcards

Exam 3 review Flashcards

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1
Q

Process that occurs in Bowman’s capsule? Which substances undergo this process?

A

Filtration. water, ions, glucose and metabolic wastes

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2
Q

Process that occurs in Proximal convoluted tubule? Which substances undergo this process?

A

Re-absorption. water, ions, glucose (100%)

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3
Q

Process that occurs in Descending limb? Which substances undergo this process?

A

Re-absorption. water

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4
Q

Process that occurs in Ascending limb? Which substances undergo this process?

A

Re-absorption. ions

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5
Q

Process that occurs in Distal convoluted tubule? Which substances undergo this process?

A
  1. Variable re-absorption. water (ADH must be present) and ions (aldosterone must be present)
  2. Secretion. ions (aldosterone must be present) ((IF BLOOD IS ACIDIC, H+ ALSO GETS SECRETED))
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6
Q

Function of the kidney?

A

filter blood

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7
Q

Function of ureters?

A

transport urine to bladder

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8
Q

Function of urinary bladder?

A

store urine

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9
Q

Function of the urethra?

A

excretes urine

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10
Q

Functions or urinary system?

A

excretion of metabolic wastes, conservation of valuable nutrients, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, maintenance of water and ion balance, maintenance of acid-base balance

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11
Q

Where do calyces receive urine from?

A

last part of nephron, collecting duct

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12
Q

What is the order of the nephron?

A

bowman’s capsule, PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT, collecting duct

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13
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood to the glomerulus?

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the glomerulus?

A

efferent arteriole

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15
Q

which substances cannot be filtered out of glomerulus?

A

proteins and blood cells

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16
Q

What is urine?

A

anything filtered and not reabsorbed, anything secreted

17
Q

Aldosterone is secreted by what?

A

adrenal glands

18
Q

Aldosterone is secreted in response to what?

A

low blood pressure and low blood volume

19
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by what?

A

posterior pituitary gland

20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to what?

A

low blood pressure, low blood volume or dehydration

21
Q

ADH and aldosterone work together to increase what?

A

water re-absorption

22
Q

If blood is acidic, which ion is secreted?

A

hydrogen (H+)

23
Q

Which ion is secreted if aldosterone is present?

A

potassium (K+)

24
Q

If it is not the appropriate time to urinate, what stays contracted?

A

external urethral sphincter

25
Q

When the urinary bladder contains 200 mL or more of urine, what sends signals to the sacral region of the spinal cord?

A

stretch receptors

26
Q

What is the function of endocrine glands?

A

release hormones into the bloodstream

27
Q

Three ways an endocrine gland is stimulated to release specific hormones?

A

hormonal stimulus, humoral stimulus, neural stimulus

28
Q

What is neutral stimulus?

A

brain and spine send signals to release hormones

29
Q

What is humoral stimulus?

A

changes in nutrient levels in blood lead to secretion of hormones

30
Q

What is hormonal stimulus?

A

hormone from one gland stimulates secretion of another hormone

31
Q

What is the function of regulatory hormones?

A

regulate the release of hormones form the anterior pituitary gland

32
Q

Where is ADH made?

A

hypothalamus

33
Q

Where is ADH stored and released?

A

posterior pituitary gland

34
Q

How does insulin affect skeletal muscle?

A

stimulates glucose intake into muscle cells and use of glucose for energy

35
Q

What stimulates the release of glucagon?

A

low blood glucose levels

36
Q

What is function of cortisol?

A

provides fuel during stress

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