Exam 3 review

Question 1

Process that occurs in Bowman’s capsule? Which substances undergo this process?

Answer 1

Filtration. water, ions, glucose and metabolic wastes

Question 2

Process that occurs in Proximal convoluted tubule? Which substances undergo this process?

Answer 2

Re-absorption. water, ions, glucose (100%)

Question 3

Process that occurs in Descending limb? Which substances undergo this process?

Answer 3

Re-absorption. water

Question 4

Process that occurs in Ascending limb? Which substances undergo this process?

Answer 4

Re-absorption. ions

Question 5

Process that occurs in Distal convoluted tubule? Which substances undergo this process?

Answer 5

1. Variable re-absorption. water (ADH must be present) and ions (aldosterone must be present)
2. Secretion. ions (aldosterone must be present) ((IF BLOOD IS ACIDIC, H+ ALSO GETS SECRETED))

Question 6

Function of the kidney?

Answer 6

filter blood

Question 7

Function of ureters?

Answer 7

transport urine to bladder

Question 8

Function of urinary bladder?

Answer 8

store urine

Question 9

Function of the urethra?

Answer 9

excretes urine

Question 10

Functions or urinary system?

Answer 10

excretion of metabolic wastes, conservation of valuable nutrients, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, maintenance of water and ion balance, maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 11

Where do calyces receive urine from?

Answer 11

last part of nephron, collecting duct

Question 12

What is the order of the nephron?

Answer 12

bowman’s capsule, PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT, collecting duct

Question 13

Which blood vessel takes blood to the glomerulus?

Answer 13

afferent arteriole

Question 14

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the glomerulus?

Answer 14

efferent arteriole

Question 15

which substances cannot be filtered out of glomerulus?

Answer 15

proteins and blood cells

Question 16

What is urine?

Answer 16

anything filtered and not reabsorbed, anything secreted

Question 17

Aldosterone is secreted by what?

Answer 17

adrenal glands

Question 18

Aldosterone is secreted in response to what?

Answer 18

low blood pressure and low blood volume

Question 19

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by what?

Answer 19

posterior pituitary gland

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to what?

Answer 20

low blood pressure, low blood volume or dehydration

Question 21

ADH and aldosterone work together to increase what?

Answer 21

water re-absorption

Question 22

If blood is acidic, which ion is secreted?

Answer 22

hydrogen (H+)

Question 23

Which ion is secreted if aldosterone is present?

Answer 23

potassium (K+)

Question 24

If it is not the appropriate time to urinate, what stays contracted?

Answer 24

external urethral sphincter

Question 25

When the urinary bladder contains 200 mL or more of urine, what sends signals to the sacral region of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

stretch receptors

Question 26

What is the function of endocrine glands?

Answer 26

release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 27

Three ways an endocrine gland is stimulated to release specific hormones?

Answer 27

hormonal stimulus, humoral stimulus, neural stimulus

Question 28

What is neutral stimulus?

Answer 28

brain and spine send signals to release hormones

Question 29

What is humoral stimulus?

Answer 29

changes in nutrient levels in blood lead to secretion of hormones

Question 30

What is hormonal stimulus?

Answer 30

hormone from one gland stimulates secretion of another hormone

Question 31

What is the function of regulatory hormones?

Answer 31

regulate the release of hormones form the anterior pituitary gland

Question 32

Where is ADH made?

Answer 32

hypothalamus

Question 33

Where is ADH stored and released?

Answer 33

posterior pituitary gland

Question 34

How does insulin affect skeletal muscle?

Answer 34

stimulates glucose intake into muscle cells and use of glucose for energy

Question 35

What stimulates the release of glucagon?

Answer 35

low blood glucose levels

Question 36

What is function of cortisol?

Answer 36

provides fuel during stress