Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

U.S. Healthcare System > Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Factors for successful HIT implementation

A
  1. uniform adoption of technology
  2. reliable HIT infrastructure
  3. system that is appropriate for the practice
  4. plan that details milestones of implementation
  5. ongoing training of all employees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

electronic clinical decision support systems (CDSSs)

A

systems designed to integrate medical information, patient information, and decision making tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 key functions of a clinical decision support system

A
  1. administrative
  2. case management
  3. cost control
  4. decision support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

e-prescribing

A

form of CPOE, consists of medication history, benefits information, and processing new and existing presscriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pharmacy benefit manager

A

PBM

  • -uses technology-based tools to assess and evaluate management of prescription component so it can be customized to address needs of the organization
  • -companies that administer drug benefits for employers and health insurance carriers
  • -integrate medical and pharmacy data of population to determine which interventions are most cost-effective and appropriate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

telehealth

A

broad term that encompasses the use of IT to deliver education, research, and clinical care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Committee on Operating Rules for Information Exchange (CORE)

A

one of the largest electronic payment systems in the world, and has set up standards and operating rules for streamlining processes between providers and healthcare plans
-allows for real time access to patient information pre- and post- care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PhreesiaPad

A

wireless device with touch screen keyboard that patients can enter their demographic information and the reason they are visiting the doctor
-eliminates need for patients to replicate information each time they visit the doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PatientPoint

A

provides education to patients electronically while in the waiting room or exam room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MelaFind optical scanner

A

provides additional information a doctor can use in determining whether or not to order a biopsy
-goal is to reduce number of patients with unnecessary scars, and eliminates cost of unnecessary procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Civil law

A

focuses on wrongful acts against individuals and organizations based on contractual violations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

defensive medicine

A

providers often order more tests and provide more services than necessary to protect themselves from malpractice lawsuits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

A

EMTALA
1986
healthcare provider or organization is obligated to provide care to someone who has placed their trust in them
Medicare participants must receive emergency care from a hospital that provides dedicated emergency services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Children’s Health Insurance Program

A

CHIP

provides coverage for low-income children younger than 19 who live above the income level requirement for Medicaid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, and national origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

A

protects employees and job applicants 40 years and older from discrimination as it applies to hiring, firing, promotion, layoffs, training, assignments, and benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

A

protects female employees who are discriminated against based on pregnancy related conditions, which constitutes illegal sex discrimination
-ex) a pregnant woman must be treated like anyone else, if she has morning sickness they have to offer sick leave if they allow sick leave for other nausea illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

A

focuses on individuals who are considered disabled, and ensures these individuals were not discriminated against and also allows reasonable accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reasonable accommodation

A

employers that take reasonable action to accommodate a disabled individual such as providing special computer equipment or furniture to accommodate a physical limitation, and it should not cause undue financial hardship to the employer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Consolidate Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986

A

COBRA
protects employees who lost or changed employers, they can keep insurance if they pay 102% of the premium, and also resulted in job lock because people were afraid to change jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

A

HIPAA
promotes patient information and confidentiality in a secure environment
-first federal legislation that provides in-depth protection of consumer’s health information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

employee wellness programs

A

include promotion of exercise, health risk appraisals, disease management, and healthcare coaching

  • popular employee benefit
  • must promote health and cannot be a subterfuge discriminating against an employee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

National Defense Authorization Act of 2008

A

employee can take up to 12 weeks of leave if a child, spouse, or parent has been called to active duty, and if a service member is injured the employee can take up to 26 weeks of leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010

A

increases dependent coverage of health insurance to 26, and established a web marketplace to increase consumer awareness

  • eliminated lifetime and annual caps on reimbursement
  • created temporary reinsurance program for early retirees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

stakeholder management

A

focuses on the relationship between organizations and constituents, and how management recognizes the different expectations of each group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

respect for autonomy

A

decision making may be different and healthcare providers must respect their patients’ decisions even if they differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Physician Payment Sunshine Act

A

part of the ACA, requires manufacturers of drugs, medical devices, and other products with relationships to CMS providers and CHIP programs to submit reports annually in payments and items of value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stewardship model of public health

A

public health officials should achieve the stated health outcomes for the population while minimizing restrictions on people’s freedom of choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Institutional Review Boards (IRB)

A

group formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects, and they have the authority to approve, require modifications in, or disapprove research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

informed consent

A

one of the basic ethical protections for human subject research

  • allows individual to consider personal issues
  • provides opportunity to make a choice
  • requires disclosure of appropriate information
31
Q

common rule elements of informed consent

A
  • written statement with purpose and length of study
  • procedures and if they are experimental
  • foreseen risks and benefits
  • alternative procedures
32
Q

preimplantation genetic diagnosis

A

PGD
tests the embryo for tissue compatibility with their siblings prior to being transplanted into the mother, and if it is compatible and a sibling becomes ill, the baby can provide bone marrow transplants

33
Q

genetic testing

A

carried out on populations based on age, gender, or other risk factors to determine if they are at risk for a serious genetic disease

34
Q

diagnostic testing

A

identifies disease when a person exhibits symptoms

35
Q

predictive and asymptomatic testing

A

identify gene changes that may increase likelihood of a person developing a disease

36
Q

carrier testing

A

identify individuals who carry a gene that is linked to a disease

37
Q

prenatal testing

A

identify fetuses with potential diseases or conditions

38
Q

pharmacogenomic testing

A

assess how medicines react to an individual’s genetic makeup

39
Q

research genetic testing

A

focuses on how genes impact disease development

40
Q

physician-assisted suicide

A

physician provides the means for death, but the patient ultimately administers the dose
-legal in Oregon, Washington, and Vermont

41
Q

presumed consent

A

if a parent does not actively oppose the transplantation, the procedure automatically occurs–in the US the consent must be received from family first

42
Q

how many Americans suffer from a mental disorder in any one year?

A

1/4

43
Q

half of all lifetime mental health illnesses begin by what age?

A

14

44
Q

three-quarters of all lifetime mental health illnesses begin by age what?

A

24

45
Q

annual economic, indirect cost of mental illness is estimated to be?

A

$79 billion

46
Q

how many students with a mental disorder age 14 and older drop out of high school?

A

over 50%

47
Q

mental health ranks what as limitation on health and productivity?

A

second only to heart disease

48
Q

mental disorders

A

conditions that alter thinking processes, moods, or behavior that result in dysfunction or stress, most common are phobias, substance abuse, and affective disorders

49
Q

phobias

A

excessive fear of objects or activies

50
Q

behavioral services are provided by who?

A

psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, counselors, and therapists

51
Q

psychiatrists

A

specialty physicians who can prescribe medication and admit patients

52
Q

psychologists

A

treat mental health but cannot prescribe drugs

53
Q

commitment laws

A

laws that enable family members, law enforcement, or healthcare professionals to commit a person to a facility or a treatment program

54
Q

voluntary commitment

A

people commit themselves, and they can leave of their own free will

55
Q

involuntary commitment

A

people are being forced to receive treatment or are committed against their wishes, and cannot leave of their own free will

56
Q

sections in the de facto mental health service system

A

specialty healthcare providers
social service sector
nonprofit groups and organizations

57
Q

Mental Health Parity Act of 1996

A

ensures mental health services are being reimbursed on an equal level of traditional medical care
2008-group insurance plans that have coverage for mental illness and substance use disorders to provide benefits the same as other procedures

58
Q

National Institute of Mental Health

A

world’s largest funding agency of mental health research, refused to endorse 2013 DSM
-9% of teens suffer from anxiety disorder, only 18% of those receive care

59
Q

suicide is what leading cause of death among 5-14 years old

A

5

60
Q

telebehavioral health

A

method of service delivery that broadens the availability to, quality of, and access to care across all behavioral health program areas–video conferencing

61
Q

what percentage of the homeless population has mental health issues?

A

25%

62
Q

NIMH’s 4 Core Areas of Focus for mental health care

A
  1. Promote Discovery in the Brain and Behavioral Sciences to Fuel Research on the Causes of Mental Disorders
  2. Chart Mental Illness Trajectories to Determine When, Where, and How to Intervene
  3. Develop New and Better Interventions that Incorporate the Diverse Needs and Circumstances of People with Mental Illnesses
  4. Strengthen the Public Health Impact of NIMH-Supported Research
63
Q

CAM

A

complementary and alternative medicine
complementary-nonmainstream approach together with conventional medicine
alternative-nonmainstream approach in place of conventional medicine

64
Q

examples of CAM

A

acupuncture, chiropractic manipulation, diet therapies, meditation, natural products, yoga, and massage

65
Q

what percentage of adults used CAM

A

40%

66
Q

what was the most common reason people used CAM?

A

back pain

67
Q

pay for performance

A

P4P
aka value based purchasing
healthcare payment systems that reward healthcare providers for their efficiency

68
Q

telemedicine

A

use of information technology to enable healthcare providers to communicate with rural care providers regarding patient care or to communicate directly with patients
basic form-telephone consultation

69
Q

telemedicine is most frequently used in which fields?

A

pathology and radiology, images can be transmitted to a distant location

70
Q

minute clinics

A

drugstore clinics in stores such as Rite Aid, Walgreen’s, and CVS that increase access to care. they are open late, open on weekends, and no requirements for appointment

71
Q

Japan’s healthcare system

A

citizens must be covered by employee or national insurance for self employed or 75 years and older

  • enrollees must pay 30% coinsurance, children have 20%, and 70 years and older have 10%
  • Citizens Health Insurance covers everyone else
  • 9.5% GDP, may triple in 20 years
72
Q

France’s healthcare system

A
  1. 6% of GDP
    - universal coverage for 99% of citizens
    - General National Insurance Scheme covers 80% citizens
    - enrollees pay 20% of salary, and 90% citizens have supplemental insurance
    - American doctors earn 5x average wage, French doctors earn 2x average wage
    - limit prescriptions of name brand drugs
73
Q

Switzerland’s healthcare system

A
  • considered one of the best in the world
  • 99.5% citizens are covered, all residents are required to purchase
  • 11.7% GDP
  • citizens buy from private providers, they can’t make profit on basic plan but can sell supplemental plan
74
Q

health or medical informatics

A

science of computer application that supports clinical and research data in different areas of healthcare

U.S. Healthcare System (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions