Exam 3 Review Flashcards
What effect do changes in resonant cavity size and shape have on a sound?
Different formants - speech sounds
Peak of energy gets louder
How can you measure this?
acoustics
When the naso- and oropharynx are open there is a _____ resonant area.
Larger
What happens to a sound when its wavelength equals the length of a tube it’s played through?
Resonants (gets louder)
What 3 general portions of the pharynx are there?
Laryngo, oro, and naso
Whats the lower jaw called?
Mandible
Process where jaw articulates with temporal bone?
Condylar
What happens at the coronoid process?
Muscle insertion
How does the jaw articulate? How does it relate to TMJ pain?
Articulatory disc
The disc slips out causing popping or lock jaw
What makes up the septum?
Vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage
How many nasal concha are there?
3 (superior, middle, inferior )
What’s their function?
(nasal concha)
Warm, moisten, filter
Extra cranial bones?
Wormian bones
Where do the teeth go?
Alveolar process
Horizontal plate?
Part of palatine bones + posterior hard palate
What parts of the skull does the maxilla contribute to?
Anterior hard palate (palatine process), nasal opening, orbital socket, alveolar process
What sutures fail to come together in most cases of cleft palate?
Median palatine (incisive suture is lip)
What is buccal dental surface?
Towards the cheeks (lingual is towards the tongue)
How can improper closure of jaws impact speech?How can improper closure of jaws impact speech?
Articulatory problems, esp. dentals
Major muscles of pharynx closure
Superior middle and inferior constrictors
Major muscles that shorten the pharynx?
salpingopharyngeus , stylopharyngeus , palatopharyngeus
What muscle will widen the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus (the string on neck)
What muscle opens the eustachian tube?
Tensor veli palatini
Major muscles involved in lifting the velum?
Uvulus + levator veli palatini
Lower the velum?
Glossopalatine + palatopharyngeus
tom/tomb
When is the nasopharynx open?
Nasal consonants
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse
Tongue Intrinsic muscles function
Superior longitudinal - pull tongue up
Inferior longitudinal - pull tongue down
Vertical - flatten
Transverse- pull together (pointy)
What muscle moves the tongue forward?
Genioglossal
When a genie comes out of a lamp
Glossal meaning
tongue
Back of the tongue up?
Palatoglossus + styloglossus
what muscle is used for chewing?
Temporalis
What bones does it attach to?
Mandible, frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal
Scrunch up mouth?
Orbicularis oris
Pull back sides?
Buccinator, platysma
Smile?
Incisivus labii superioris, levator labii superiors, zygomatic major and minor
Pout?
Mentalis
What happens during a sniff?
Bernoulli effect pulls alae (wings) inward
Can this be counteracted?
Yes, with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and nasal dilators
When does the switch to mouth breathing happen?
Talking, exercising, some eating
How does coarticulation come into play with velum position?
Sounds before or after nasals are often somewhat nasal
Mourns vs stop
How fast can the velum move?
1/10th of a second
Is velum lifting passive or active?
Active
What about velum falling?
Either, often active
How can we measure resonance and articulation?
Acoustics, imaging, or airflow
What is VPI?
Velopharyngeal insufficiency; lack or weakness of velum musculature; hypernasality
