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anatomy exam 3 > exam 3 review > Flashcards

exam 3 review Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous joints

A

are connections between bones where collagen fibers hold them together, provide very little movement

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2
Q

pubic symphysis

A

is a cartilaginous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones in the pelvic region, provides stability and little movement

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3
Q

interosseous membrane

A

is a fibrous tissue that connects the bones, provides support and allows for coordinated movement between adjacent bones.

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4
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

connected by hyaline or fibrous cartilage

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5
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable

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6
Q

diarthroses

A

freely moveable joints

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7
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable

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8
Q

bursae

A

fluid filled sacs, they serve to reduce friction between tendons, ligaments, and bones during movement

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9
Q

menisci

A

are present shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, they act as shock absorbers and help distribute load, enhancing stability and provides a cushion

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10
Q

symphysis

A

fibrocartilage, along the body’s midline, intervertebral discs, and pubic symphysis: cartilaginous joint

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11
Q

diarthrosis

A

slightly moveable, this can vary

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12
Q

synchondrosis

A

hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal plate and rib 1 to manubrium of sternum: cartilaginous joint

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13
Q

olecranon process

A

forms the point of the elbow, plays a role in articulation of the ulna, allows for extension of the forearm

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14
Q

synostosis

A

immovable fusion of two bones

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15
Q

synarthrosis

A

connected by collagen fibers from the bones themselves

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16
Q

sutures

A

mostly immovable, between bones of the skull

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17
Q

gomphoses

A

slightly immovable, between teeth and alveoli of mandible and maxilla

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18
Q

syndesmoses

A

slightly moveable, sheet of fibers between parallel long bones

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19
Q

synovial joints

A

gap between the bones surrounded by a capsule

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20
Q

synovial capsule

A

two layered connective tissue membrane linking the bones and surrounding a synovial cavity gap between them

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21
Q

synovial fluid

A

a lubricating fluid in the cavity made by synoviocytes of the synovial layer, also contains nutrients to feed joint cartilage and macrophages to remove debris

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22
Q

articular cartilage

A

covering the ends of the bones at the joint

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23
Q

articular capsule

A

two layered structure that surrounds the cavity

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24
Q

articular discs

A

additional cartilage between the bone ends

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25
ligaments
dense regular connective tissue connecting the bones, usually outside of the capsule but occasionally intracapsular
26
tendons
connective tissue crossing a joint between a muscle and the bones it moves
27
bursae/tendon sheaths
thin sacs of synovial membrane and fluid to minimize friction
28
articular fat pads
adipose connective tissue that fills any hollow spaces around the joint
29
factors that affect range of motion
anatomy of the articulating surfaces, strength/flexibility of ligaments linking the bones, flexibility of muscles and tendons, intended "axis of rotation"
30
planar (gliding)
flat surfaces that slide along each other (carpals)
31
hinge
angular movement in one plane (elbow, knee)
32
pivot
rotation on a single axis (atlas-axis, radius-ulna)
33
condylar
surfaces are concave and convex so "rock" (skull-atlas, radius-carpal)
34
saddle
deeper than condylar so more "rocking" (thumb-trapezoid thumb)
35
ball and socket
round "head" in a concave socket which allows 360 movement (shoulder, hip)
36
flexion
decreased angle between the articulating bones
37
extension
an increased angle between the articulating bones
38
hyperextension
movement beyond the normal extended position
39
lateral flexion
exception in that movement is lateral
40
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
41
adduction
is movement toward the midline
42
arthritis
joint inflammation and damage
43
osteoarthritis
wear and tear, degeneration of cartilage
44
rheumatoid
autoimmune
45
sprain
damage to ligaments due to overstretching
46
strain
damage to a muscle or tendon
47
deep fascia
between individual muscles
48
epimysium
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding individual muscles
49
endomysium
thin layer of connective tissue surrounding/separating individual muscle cells/fibers
50
perimysium
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding groups of muscle cells/fibers
51
aponeurosis
a flat sheet of tendon fibers
52
origin
relatively stable attachment
53
insertion
relatively movable attachment
54
action
the specific effect of a muscles contraction
55
agonist/prime mover
the muscle doing the intended action
56
antagonist
a muscle that opposes the action of the agonist
57
synergist
a muscle that helps the agonist carry out its action
58
fixator
a muscle that stabilizes a bone or body part to give leverage and stability
59
skeletal or striated voluntary
long multinucleate cells specialized for rapid, repeated and sustained movements: cannot function when stretched
60
cardiac or striated involuntary
specialized cells for repetitive contractions of the heart, slower than skeletal, cannot be sustained, cannot function when stretched
61
smooth (visceral) or non striated involuntary
specialized for controlling organ volume, cannot do rapid or sustained contractions, can contract when stretched, slow contractions
62
electrical excitability
responds to electrical, as well as chemical, stimuli
63
conductivity
can transmit an electrical signal down its length
64
contractility
can shorten
65
extensibility
can stretch
66
elasticity
will recoil once stretched
67
sarcolemma
the elctrically-excitable plasma membrane
68
sarcoplasm
cytoplasm; filled with myoglobin, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and myofribils
69
myoglobin
iron-containing protein that binds to O2
70
sarcoplasmic reticulum
stores Ca2+, structurally a type of smooth ER
71
myofibrils
bundles of contractile proteins running the length of the cells
72
thick myofilaments
are made of long myosin proteins with a hinged "golf club head" on one end and connected to the sarcomere protein wall at the other end
73
thin myofilaments
chains of actin proteins suspended in the middle of each sarcomere and overlapping the myosin heads
74
synapse
any place where a neuron stimulates a cell
75
axon terminal
swollen end of the motor neuron
76
motor end plate
a region of sarcolemma; it is the only part with receptors to bind ACh
77
twitch
single myofiber contraction
78
laten period
everything before active contraction
79
contraction period
fairly rapid
80
relaxation period
much slower
81
temporal summation
multiple stimuli in a short period of time
82
creatine phosphate
p "storage" to quickly regenerate ATP from ADP
83
glycolysis
short term, low yield ATP formation from glucose catabolism
84

anatomy exam 3 (1 decks)

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