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NS 1325 > Exam 3 review > Flashcards

Exam 3 review Flashcards

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1
Q

Major risk factors of hypertension

A

Excess smoking and drinking

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, E, D, and K

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3
Q

The signs of vitamin E deficiency

A

RBC hemolysis

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4
Q

The major difference between macro and micro nutrients

A

macronutrients are needed in larger amounts and provide your body with energy while micronutrients are need in smaller amounts

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5
Q

why does taking excess fat soluble vitamins cause toxicity in comparison to water soluble vitamins

A

water soluble vitamins are more easily excreted

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6
Q

what is beta-carotene?

A

A carotenoid that gives plants there pigmentation and can be converted into vitamin A.

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7
Q

The role of bile in vitamin absorption

A

Helps digest fat-soluble vitamins

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8
Q

What nutrients are often enriched in grains?

A

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, iron

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9
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C and “B vitamins”

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10
Q

what can you add to your food to help fat soluble absorption?

A

Add some dietary fat to your food.

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11
Q

What are the deficiencies of vitamin A?

A

Corneal drying (xerosis), Triangular gray-foamy spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), Softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), Corneal degeneration and blindness
(xerophthalmia), Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), epithelial cells failing to differentiate, bone deterioration, Hyperkeratosis.

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12
Q

Know the risk of vitamin A toxicity

A

Birth defects and permanent damage to
the liver, bones and eyes

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13
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

Build and maintain bones, assist with acid-base balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and assist in muscle contraction.

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14
Q

What is the function of folate?

A

involved in DNA synthesis, and AA metabolism, Critical for cell division of very early embryos

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15
Q

Which vitamin can be made by the human body?

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

what are the risk factors for osteomalacia?

A

Older adults, people with kidney, liver, or GI diseases, and low sun exposure

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17
Q

Which vitamin can be produced by intestinal bacteria?

A

Vitamin K

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18
Q

natural food sources of vitamin D

A

Fish liver oils, fatty fish, milk, ready to eat cereals, orange juice, and margarine.

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19
Q

What are the main functions of water in the human body?

A

Solvent, waste removal, lubricates tissues, temperature regulation, digestion.

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20
Q

Why is intrinsic factor important?

A

It’s what helps absorb Vitamin B12

21
Q

If we expose milk to light what nutrient does it degrade?

A

Vitamin A

22
Q

What are good sources of vitamin K?

A

Green leafy vegetables, Soybean and canola oils, Margarine and salad dressings, Liver, Intestinal production

23
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

Blood Clotting factors and bone-building proteins

24
Q

What is the function of B vitamins?

A

releasing energy from carbohydrates and fat to breaking down amino acids and transporting oxygen and energy-containing nutrients around the body.

25
Q

What cooking method can lead to loss of water soluble items?

A

Boiling

26
Q

Vitamin C enhances the production of what mineral?

A

Iron

27
Q

Major minerals

A

Calcium, Chloride, magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, sulfur

28
Q

The signs of pellegra

A

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, death

29
Q

What are the side effects of excess alcohol consumption?

A

dehydration

30
Q

What are the ways the the body gets rid of water?

A

Sweat, Exhaling, Urine, and Feces

31
Q

What are good sources of calcium which are highly bio available?

A

Animal products

32
Q

What are the risk factors of osteoporosis?

A

White or Asian ancestry, Smoking, Low estrogen (women) or testosterone (men) levels, sedentary lifestyle or bed-confinement

33
Q

What minerals help the body with fluid balance?

A

Sodium and potassium

34
Q

What is the cutoff for hypertension?

A

140/90

35
Q

What is the primary location for vitamin absorption?

A

Small intestine

36
Q

What are good food sources of Iron?

A

Dairy

37
Q

Which group of people have a high risk for magnesium deficiency?

A

Alcoholics, uncontrolled diabetics, elderly and
medications that increase urine output

38
Q

What are the functions of Selenium?

A

Antioxidant, Sparing vitamin E, Production of thyroxine

39
Q

What’s the drug classification of alcohol?

A

depressant

40
Q

What are the sizes of standard drinks?

A

13-14g of ETOH: 12oz beer or wine cooler, 5oz of wine, 1 1/2 oz of liquor

41
Q

What are the negative effects of excess alcohol?

A

heart and liver failure

42
Q

What classification does selenium fall into?

A

Free radical fighters

43
Q

Where do we get most of our sodium in the American diet?

A

Processed foods

44
Q

What is the function of antioxidants?

A

They protect cells from damage from certain environmental factors such as oxidation.

45
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Prior drinking history causes your liver to adjust to usual ETOH amounts consumed

46
Q

What are good food sources of beta caratine?

A

Fruits and vegetables that are red, orange, yellow, and deep green.

47
Q

What are good food sources of Vitamin E?

A

Sunflower seeds
– Almonds
– Plant oils (sunflower,
safflower, olive)
– Margarine
– Salad dressings

48
Q

What is the effect of excess fluoride intake?

A

Fluorosis; it creates porous tooth enamel, teeth become stained and pitted.

49
Q

What are good food sources of potassium?

A

Banana, tomato, and orange juice

NS 1325 (1 decks)

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