Exam 3 Resp, Immune, and Endo Flashcards
what is the Whipp and washerman model
when you have muscle and circulation and ventilation working together to take in O2 and remove CO2
where is the visceral pleura and can it feel pain
right against the lung.. the serous lining against the lung, insensitive to pain.
what does the parietal layer cover
the internal wall of the thoracic cavity
si the pleural space opened or closed
closed
what does the fluid int he pleural space do
lubricates and facilitates movement
what happens when air gets into the pleural space
the lungs collapse
the pleural chambers sit at ___ mmHg, which is slightly positive/negative to the air
755, negative
the upper airway is anything proximal to the
bifurcation at the angle of Louis
what is the purpose of the upper airway
to filter and humidify the air before it goes to the lungs
does phonation happen in the lower or upper away. why is it hard for people with pulmonary problems to talk
upper. they cannot get enough air going past the vocal cords
lower tract is defined as the space below the
trocheal bifurcation
difference between conducting airways and the acing airways
the conducting airways is where gas travels, so ventilation. the acing airways is where respiration happens
how many lobes are there, and where are they broader and shorter
the right has 3 lobes and is shorter because of the liver and the left has 2 lobes, broader because of the heart
both lobes have a ___ fissure, and the right lung also has a ___ fissure
both have oblique, the right also has the horizontal
difference between type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells
the type 1 cells allow for gas exchange, so these are on most of the alveolar wall
type 2 cells stretch (when we breath in) and make surfactant, which breaks the surface tension (which could make the alveoli collapse). this allows the alveoli to stay open
what is so special about type 2 alveolar cells
they make surfactant
Mucocilliary Escalator
the goblet cells make mucus, and the cilia will transport the mucus and debris up and out of the airways DOESN’T WORK WITH PNEUMONIA
what removes debris that travels to the alveoli. when these are overtaxed, and rupture, what disease is that
the macrophages, and COPD
PNS and CNS on bronchioles
the PNS causes bronchoconstriction and the CNS causes bronchodilation
what are two local factors released by mast cells that cause bronchoconstriction
histamine and leukotrienes
hat do the muscles of the ventilatory pump work against, if it is not gravity
the airway resistance and the elastic recoil
inspiration is primary done via the…
diaphragm
what other muscles are used during inspiration
the external intercostals, and the scalenes, SCM, and pec minor
what muscles are used during expiration
this is passive, but we can get forced expiration with abdominals and internal intercostals