exam 3 reagents

Question 1

ch3br/febr3

Answer 1

adds a methyl group

Question 2

hbr

Answer 2

wont introduce anything OR oxidize. just a strong acid

Question 3

CH3COCl/AlCl3

Answer 3

acylating agent, introduces an acetyl group

Question 4

cl2

Answer 4

introduces chlorine to an aromatic ring

Question 5

ClCH2CH3/AlCl3

Answer 5

introduces an ethyl group to a benzene or negative ion (oh –> o- –> och2ch3)

Question 6

Zn(Hg)/ hcl

Answer 6

reducing agent, turns a carbonyl (ketone) group into a CH2 (methylene) group

Question 7

So3/H2SO4

Answer 7

sulfonating agent, introduces sulfuric group

Question 8

KMnO4

Answer 8

oxidizing agent, benzoic carbon –> carboxylic acid
alkylbenzenes –> carbox. acid derivatives

Question 9

HCl

Answer 9

wont introduce anything. strong acid. wont oxidize or reduce

Question 10

K2Cr2O7`

Answer 10

full oxidizer/reducer, turns two OH groups into two ketones

Question 11

KI

Answer 11

turns N2+ into I

Question 12

NaNO2/ Hcl

Answer 12

turns Nh2 into N2+ (bondable, not stable and will leave by itself if another atom forms a db to its carbon)

Question 13

Fe, HCl / NaOH

Answer 13

turns NO2 into NH2

Question 14

H3PO2

Answer 14

removes N2+ group intirely

Question 15

CH3I excess
with a NH2 group connected to an alkyl chain

Answer 15

alkyl chain and 3 CH3 groups connected to N (now +), I- is floating

Question 16

Ag2O, H2O

Answer 16

will add DB to least substituted carbons

Question 17

NaNH2, NH3 with a benzoic halogen

Answer 17

will make an alkyne with closest benzoic DB

two possible products

Question 18

H2O2 with a benzylic halogen

Answer 18

will add db to the most substituted carbon in place of the new amino group

Question 19

CuI, N(CH3)3 with an alkyne

Answer 19

replace original halogen with an alkyne group

Question 20

NaNH2, NH3

Answer 20

benzyne reagents, pulls off halogen and forms TB

Question 21

what reagent will turn NH2 into N2+

Answer 21

NaNO2/HCl

Question 22

what reagent will turn OH into OCH3
(usually on a benzene ring) 2 WAYSSS***

Answer 22

CH3I / OH-
or
CH3OH (CH3O-)

Question 23

H3PO4

Answer 23

would turn an OH group into a double bond, forming on the most substituted carbons

Question 24

CH2I2 / Zn(Cu), et

Answer 24

the double bond present will add a carbon and make an isopropyl (triangle) group

Question 25

LiAlH4 or NaBH4 paired with H2O

Answer 25

ketone ---> secondary alcohol aldehyde ----> primary alcohol

Question 26

NH2NH2, KOH, HEAT

Answer 26

fully reduces ketone (goneeee)

Question 27

when making a molecule go from keto to enol form what two things need to be done

Answer 27

turn =O into an OH, and take extra electrons to form an alpha double bond

Question 28

what does H2O do to a leaving group (halogen)

Answer 28

turn it into an OH

Question 29

1. HCN/NaCN 2. H2SO4, H2O, HEAT what will happen when reacted with a halogen

Answer 29

the first step will create CN (triple bond) and then the second step will kick off the nitrogen and make that carbon into a carboxylic acid

Question 30

H2/___ (4 correct answers) will reduce a double bond to _____, an aldehyde to a _______ and a ketone to a ______

Answer 30

pd, pt, rh, ni single bond primary alcohol secondary alcohol

Question 31

high heat will do what to a carboxylic acid

Answer 31

fully reduce it, it leaves

Question 32

how to turn an alcohol into ketone

Answer 32

h2cro4 or pcc

Question 33

how to turn a ketone into an alcohol

Answer 33

h2/pt, pd, rh or ni Na2S2O4/NaOH

Question 34

OH groups on either side of an alkane (usually only 2C) reacted with a molecule that has a ketone will....

Answer 34

take away ketone and both O's bond at that carbon. this creates a ring like structure. do not protenate the oxygens, theyre fine looking like an ether.

Question 35

what does pph3/BuLi do

Answer 35

makes a ylide

Question 36

when breaking up an ester with H+ and water....will the end products (cumulative) have one or two OH groups in place of the ester O

Answer 36

two. thats where the molecule breaks because of the reagents

Question 37

how do you transform CN into NH2, with addition of a carbon

Answer 37

oxidize it with an agent like h2cro4 or pcc. (breaks triple bond and makes it into hydrogens)

Question 38

what reagent do you couple with what you want to add (to the middle carbon) of a malonic ester. **if you wanna add CH3... 1. _____________ ---------> 2. CH3Br

Answer 38

NaOCH2CH3

Question 39

what does NaOH, H2O and heat do to an ester

Answer 39

removes it entirely (usually a malonic ester so one ester is still left ----> acetoacetic

Question 40

what does H2O, and lots of heat do to an ester

Answer 40

reduces the ester down to a carboxylic acid

Question 41

what are the michael addition reagents, what happens in michael addition

Answer 41

what youre adding (needs to have a db on the end of the chain, this attacks.

Question 42

what does DIBAL-H do to an ester

Answer 42

will remove ester leg, but keep ketone on. turns into an aldehyde

Question 43

what will naOCh2Ch3 / HOCh2Ch3 do to an acetoacetic ester

Answer 43

will remove the ester at the O, leaving the carbonyl carbon negative. Molecule attacks itself at negative and the MS hydrogen from the original molecule