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ochem > exam 3 reagents > Flashcards

exam 3 reagents Flashcards

1
Q

ch3br/febr3

A

adds a methyl group

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2
Q

hbr

A

wont introduce anything OR oxidize. just a strong acid

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3
Q

CH3COCl/AlCl3

A

acylating agent, introduces an acetyl group

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4
Q

cl2

A

introduces chlorine to an aromatic ring

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5
Q

ClCH2CH3/AlCl3

A

introduces an ethyl group to a benzene or negative ion (oh –> o- –> och2ch3)

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6
Q

Zn(Hg)/ hcl

A

reducing agent, turns a carbonyl (ketone) group into a CH2 (methylene) group

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7
Q

So3/H2SO4

A

sulfonating agent, introduces sulfuric group

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8
Q

KMnO4

A

oxidizing agent, benzoic carbon –> carboxylic acid
alkylbenzenes –> carbox. acid derivatives

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9
Q

HCl

A

wont introduce anything. strong acid. wont oxidize or reduce

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10
Q

K2Cr2O7`

A

full oxidizer/reducer, turns two OH groups into two ketones

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11
Q

KI

A

turns N2+ into I

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12
Q

NaNO2/ Hcl

A

turns Nh2 into N2+ (bondable, not stable and will leave by itself if another atom forms a db to its carbon)

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13
Q

Fe, HCl / NaOH

A

turns NO2 into NH2

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14
Q

H3PO2

A

removes N2+ group intirely

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15
Q

CH3I excess
with a NH2 group connected to an alkyl chain

A

alkyl chain and 3 CH3 groups connected to N (now +), I- is floating

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16
Q

Ag2O, H2O

A

will add DB to least substituted carbons

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17
Q

NaNH2, NH3 with a benzoic halogen

A

will make an alkyne with closest benzoic DB

two possible products

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18
Q

H2O2 with a benzylic halogen

A

will add db to the most substituted carbon in place of the new amino group

19
Q

CuI, N(CH3)3 with an alkyne

A

replace original halogen with an alkyne group

20
Q

NaNH2, NH3

A

benzyne reagents, pulls off halogen and forms TB

21
Q

what reagent will turn NH2 into N2+

A

NaNO2/HCl

22
Q

what reagent will turn OH into OCH3
(usually on a benzene ring) 2 WAYSSS***

A

CH3I / OH-
or
CH3OH (CH3O-)

23
Q

H3PO4

A

would turn an OH group into a double bond, forming on the most substituted carbons

24
Q

CH2I2 / Zn(Cu), et

A

the double bond present will add a carbon and make an isopropyl (triangle) group

25
Q

LiAlH4 or NaBH4
paired with H2O

A

ketone —> secondary alcohol
aldehyde —-> primary alcohol

26
Q

NH2NH2, KOH, HEAT

A

fully reduces ketone (goneeee)

27
Q

when making a molecule go from keto to enol form what two things need to be done

A

turn =O into an OH, and take extra electrons to form an alpha double bond

28
Q

what does H2O do to a leaving group (halogen)

A

turn it into an OH

29
Q
  1. HCN/NaCN
  2. H2SO4, H2O, HEAT
    what will happen when reacted with a halogen
A

the first step will create CN (triple bond) and then the second step will kick off the nitrogen and make that carbon into a carboxylic acid

30
Q

H2/___ (4 correct answers) will reduce a double bond to _____, an aldehyde to a _______ and a ketone to a ______

A

pd, pt, rh, ni
single bond
primary alcohol
secondary alcohol

31
Q

high heat will do what to a carboxylic acid

A

fully reduce it, it leaves

32
Q

how to turn an alcohol into ketone

A

h2cro4 or pcc

33
Q

how to turn a ketone into an alcohol

A

h2/pt, pd, rh or ni
Na2S2O4/NaOH

34
Q

OH groups on either side of an alkane (usually only 2C) reacted with a molecule that has a ketone will….

A

take away ketone and both O’s bond at that carbon. this creates a ring like structure. do not protenate the oxygens, theyre fine looking like an ether.

35
Q

what does pph3/BuLi do

A

makes a ylide

36
Q

when breaking up an ester with H+ and water….will the end products (cumulative) have one or two OH groups in place of the ester O

A

two. thats where the molecule breaks because of the reagents

37
Q

how do you transform CN into NH2, with addition of a carbon

A

oxidize it with an agent like h2cro4 or pcc. (breaks triple bond and makes it into hydrogens)

38
Q

what reagent do you couple with what you want to add (to the middle carbon) of a malonic ester.

**if you wanna add CH3…
1. _____________
———>
2. CH3Br

A

NaOCH2CH3

39
Q

what does NaOH, H2O and heat do to an ester

A

removes it entirely (usually a malonic ester so one ester is still left —-> acetoacetic

40
Q

what does H2O, and lots of heat do to an ester

A

reduces the ester down to a carboxylic acid

41
Q

what are the michael addition reagents, what happens in michael addition

A

what youre adding (needs to have a db on the end of the chain, this attacks.

42
Q

what does DIBAL-H do to an ester

A

will remove ester leg, but keep ketone on. turns into an aldehyde

43
Q

what will naOCh2Ch3 / HOCh2Ch3 do to an acetoacetic ester

A

will remove the ester at the O, leaving the carbonyl carbon negative. Molecule attacks itself at negative and the MS hydrogen from the original molecule

44
Q
A

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