Exam 3 Questions

Question 1

In the somatosensory system…

Answer 1

Receptors on the distal end of the peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion neurons contain stretch sensitive ion channels.

Question 2

In the sensory system, the largest diameter axons convey information on…

Answer 2

proprioception from skeletal muscle.

Question 3

Sensory receptors transduce physical stimuli into electrical signals called the _____ potential in response to skin distortion.

Answer 3

receptor

Question 4

Which of the 4 skin receptors is defined as being fast adapting with a large receptive field?

Answer 4

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 5

Details related to perception and transmission of PAIN information.

Answer 5

Many C fibers are polymodal.

Question 6

Tactile form perception?

Answer 6

Merkel’s Disk

Question 7

Most sensitive to vibration?

Answer 7

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 8

Fine tactile discrimination?

Answer 8

Meissner Corpuscle

Question 9

Detects movement over skin?

Answer 9

Ruffini Corpuscle

Question 10

Which area is involved in modulation of painful stimuli?

Answer 10

Periaqueductal Gray

Question 11

In the gate theory of pain, mechanosensitive afferents (Aβ) excite ______ interneurons that synapse on dorsal horn neurons giving rise to the ______ tract.

Answer 11

In the gate theory of pain, mechanosensitive afferents (Aβ) excite inhibitory interneurons that synapse on dorsal horn neurons giving rise to the spinothalamic tract.

Question 12

Regarding the sensory cortex,

lesions of Area ___ would result in deficits in perceiving the location of a cutaneous stimulus.

Answer 12

Area 3

Question 13

Meissner’s Corpuscles are located…..

Answer 13

in the SUPERFICIAL layer of the dermis

Question 14

When a patient is unable to carry out movements of the face on demand, but are able to spontaneously or reflexively contract the same muscle, they are said to have ______ (be specific).

Answer 14

Buccofacial Apraxia

Question 15

Which of the structures we studied in this unit, if damaged as the result of stroke, would result in a patient denying the contralateral side of his/her body.

Answer 15

Association Areas 5 and 7 of the Parietal Cortex

Question 16

Which of Brodmann’s Areas of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) receives the largest projection from the Ventral Posterior Lateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 16

Area 3

Question 17

TRUE or FALSE?

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex receives its largest input from the VPL/VPM of the thalamus.

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

TRUE or FALSE?

A person with tactile agnosia will use objects inappropriately (use a screwdriver as a pen).

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE?

Patient GL, who lost her large sensory axons in spinal nerves, could still perceive painful stimuli.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE?

The affective component of painful stimuli is processed in the cingulate cortex.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Give rise to form axons that form the Optic Nerve:

Answer 21

Retinal ganglion cells

Question 22

Regarding neural transmission in the retina,

When light strikes photoreceptor cells, off-center bipolar cells are ______ .

Answer 22

hyperpolarized

Question 23

Regarding “complex cells” in the primary visual cortex,

The receptive field is determined by the input of ____ .

Answer 23

multiple simple cells

!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 24

Which of the 2 types of ganglion cells has a higher sensitivity to color contrast?

Answer 24

P type ganglion cells

Question 25

This type of cell in the primary visual cortex is primarily concerned with perceiving color: A. Simple Cells B. Complex Cells C. Blobs

Answer 25

Blobs

Question 26

A motor unit consists of what 2 structures?

Answer 26

An alpha motor neuron and all the fibers that it innervates.

Question 27

TRUE or FALSE? A spinal nerve contains both afferent and efferent axons.

Answer 27

TRUE | !!!!!!!!

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE? Motor neurons that innervate flexor muscles are located dorsal to motor neurons that innervate extensor muscles in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

TRUE or FALSE? A large motor unit allows for more precise control of muscle activity.

Answer 29

FALSE

Question 30

TRUE or FALSE? The force of contraction of individual muscle fibers is determined by the firing rate of a motor neuron.

Answer 30

FALSE | !!!!!!!!???????

Question 31

A sustained muscular contraction induced by high firing frequency of a motor neuron is called ____

Answer 31

Tetany

Question 32

Muscle spindles are innervated by __ ____ axons.

Answer 32

Aα afferent

Question 33

In the flexor reflex, ....

Answer 33

Flexor reflex afferents synapse on interneurons that inhibit antagonist muscles.

Question 34

Gamma Motor Neurons:

Answer 34

Innervate INTRAFUSAL Muscle Fibers

Question 35

The Corticospinal Tract arises from neurons in the .....

Answer 35

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 36

Axons in the Corticobulbar Tract synapse on neurons in the _____

Answer 36

Hypoglossal nucleus

Question 37

The mast majority of the _____ is buried in the central sulcus and forms its anterior wall.

Answer 37

primary motor cortex

Question 38

TRUE or FALSE? Descending axons from the cerebral cortex and brainstem modulate spinal reflexes.

Answer 38

TRUE !!!????

Question 39

TRUE or FALSE? Loss of Lower Motor neurons results in spastic paralysis of muscles.

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

TRUE or FALSE? Neurons in the facial motor nucleus are defined as lower motor neurons

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

TRUE or FALSE? Neurons in the Primary Motor Area (M1) are primarily active during the planning of a movement.

Answer 41

FALSE

Question 42

The Premotor Cortex is active when _____.

Answer 42

Planning a movement

Question 43

The Supplementary Motor Cortex is active when _____

Answer 43

doing activities such as playing the piano

Question 44

The Lateral Corticospinal Tract Synapses ......

Answer 44

directly on muscles controlling digits.

Question 45

The Anterior Corticospinal Tract Synapses......

Answer 45

on motor neurons that innervate trunk muscles

Question 46

An occlusion of a branch of the anterior cerebral artery to the right precentral gyrus would result in.....

Answer 46

Paralysis of the muscles in the left leg and ankle.

Question 47

Where are the neurons whose axons form the spinothalamic tract located?

Answer 47

The Dorsal HORN of the Spinal Cord | !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 48

Which Trigeminal Nuclei contain neurons that relay discriminative touch and vibration information to the thalamus?

Answer 48

Main Sensory of V !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 49

Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons that are involved in regulating melatonin release are located in the:

Answer 49

Thoracic Spinal Cord