Exam 3 pt 1.

Question 1

Blackout

Answer 1

Failure to recall events that occurred while drinking even though there is no loss of consciousness

Question 2

What types of alcoholic beverages are produced by fermentation?

Answer 2

beer, wine, hard cider, and mead

sugar is dissolved in water, exposed to air, yeast multiplies by eating the sugar, creates ethanol and co2, co2 bubbles. Most can tolerate 10-15% before being killed

Question 3

What beverages are produced by distillation?

Answer 3

brandy, whiskey, run, arrack

heating fermented mixture, steam has greater alcohol content, vapor is condensed through cooling, can be repeated. can have 40-50% proof

Question 4

How does the alcohol content vary between fermented and distilled beverages?

Answer 4

distilled have higher alcohol content (proof)

Question 5

How do drinking rates today compare to those in the 1800s?

Answer 5

drinking rates today are lower. Americans consumed about 7 gallons per year in the 1800s.

Peaked in 1980 but still lower than 1830. Lowest consumption was 1995

Current alcohol consumption in the US is at a fairly low point compared with most other periods of history

Question 6

What criteria define “heavy” drinking?

Answer 6

consuming 5 or more drinks for men and 4 or drinks for women on a single occasion, as per SHMHSA guidelines

Question 7

What constitutes “binge” drinking?

Answer 7

Women- 4 or more. Men- 5 or more.
over 2 hours

Question 8

What are the consequences of heavy drinking among college students?

Answer 8

alcohol-related unintentional injuries, assaults, sexual assault, alcohol use disorder (AUD), academic problems

Question 9

What neurotransmitter does alcohol effect?

Answer 9

GABA - gamma-aminobutyric acid
depresses the CNS, reduces neuronal activity, enhances serotonin, dissolves in lipid membranes

Question 10

Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing alcohol?

Answer 10

the liver
the body metabolizes 90% the alcohol absorbed

Question 11

How does the liver break alcohol down?

Answer 11

the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down into acetaldehyde

metabolizes at constant rate of .35 oz of alcohol per hour

Question 12

What does BAC refer to? How is it calculated?

Answer 12

Blood Alcohol Concentration

It is calculated as the percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream. Typically measured in grams per 100 mL of blood.
0.08 is legal limit

Question 13

Explain how Acute, Dispositional, and Protracted Tolerance develop related to alcohol

Answer 13

Acute: BAC higher when curve is rising
Dispositional: can be reversed with abstinence period
Protracted: greater amounts needed for same previous affect

Question 14

What are the common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 14

tremors, anxiety, sweating, nausea, hallucinations, seizures, insomnia

Question 15

Describe the common acute physiological, sensorimotor, and psychological effects of alcohol consumption

Answer 15

Acute: increased urination, warm skin, hangovers, blackouts
Sensorimotor: slowed reaction time, body sways, decreased pain sensitivity
Psychological: feel relaxed, jovial, high confidence

Question 16

Explain how alcohol impacts aggression, sexual desire, performance

Answer 16

associated with violent crimes, does not directly cause aggression
Men: low BAC=increase arousal
moderate BAC=decreased arousal
High BAC=impairs sexual function
Women: decreases sexual arousal

Question 17

What are major long-term health risks of chronic heavy alcohol use?

Answer 17

damage to most organs, memory impaired, Wernicke Korsakoff’s syndrome- brain structure damage, alcohol hepatitis, reproductive function damage, FAS

Question 18

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 18

No single factor causes alcohol use disorder: biological, psychological, social

Question 19

analgesia

Answer 19

pain relief produced without loss of consciousness

Question 20

Describe the history of usage of opium, morphine, and heroin. What do they have in common/differ?

Answer 20

Opium - from poppy plant, oral or smoked, used for pain relief
Morphine - active agent in opium, isolated in 1803, more potent, relieves pain
Heroin - alteration of morphine, most potent, most dependent

Opiate Act’s: 1914 Harrison Narcotics Act