exam 3: oncology Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

alkylating agents

A

damage the cell’s DNA, causing the DNA strand to break

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2
Q

alkylating agents prevent. . .

A

the reproduction of cancer cells

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3
Q

nitrogen mustards

A

same as alkylating agents

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4
Q

antitumor antibiotics

A

interfere with DNA replication and RNA transcription

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5
Q

antitumor antibiotics do not treat. . .

A

infection

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6
Q

plant alkaloid causes. . .

A

cell dysfunction during mitosis

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7
Q

cyclophosphamide treats. . .

A
  • non-hodgkins/hodgkins lymphoma
  • CLL
  • multiple myeloma
  • breast, ovarian, lung cancer
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8
Q

common s/e of cyclophosphamide

A
  • alopecia
  • fever
  • neutropenia
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
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9
Q

major s/e of cyclophosphamide

A
  • bone marrow suppression
  • hemorrhagic cystitis
  • TLS (tumor lysis syndrome)
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10
Q

cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in clients who have an obstructed. . .

A

urinary outflow

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11
Q

labs to monitor with cyclophosphamide

A
  • CBC
  • platelets
  • urine
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12
Q

what may be used to prevent bladder toxicity with cyclophosphamide

A

mesna

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13
Q

pt education for cyclophosphamide

A
  • increase fluid intake
  • report urinary s/s
  • choose an effective birth control method
  • report s/s of infection
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14
Q

doxorubicin is used to treat. . .

A
  • breast cancer with lymph node involvement
  • ALL
  • AML
  • Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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15
Q

doxorubicin interferes with ________ by ______

A

cell cycle division by binding to DNA

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16
Q

doxorubicin is also known as the. . .

A

red devil

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17
Q

common s/e of doxorubicin

A
  • alopecia
  • fatigue
  • mucositis
  • dry skin
  • anorexia
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18
Q

major s/e of doxorubicin

A
  • cardiac toxicity
  • bone marrow suppression
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19
Q

doxorubicin is contraindicated in pts with. . .

A
  • severe myocardial insufficiency
  • recent MI (last 4-6wks)
  • severe myelosuppression
  • severe hepatic impairment
20
Q

what should the nurse monitor before each dose of doxorubicin?

A
  • ECG
  • CXR
  • echocardiogram
  • left ventricular EF
21
Q

what should the pt report while taking doxorubicin?

A
  • any s/s of infection, tachycardia, cough, SOB, lower extremity edema
  • any s/s of redness, burning or blisters on palms of hands/soles of feet
22
Q

urine appearance during doxorubicin therapy

23
Q

labs to monitor with doxorubicin administration

A
  • CBC
  • platelets, uric acid
  • electrolytes
  • liver + kidney function
24
Q

nurse should assess and monitor for _____ when giving doxorubicin

A
  • bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia)
  • cardiac status
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome
25
common s/e with methotrexate
- ulcerative stomatitis - leukopenia - malaise
26
major s/e with methotrexate
- TLS - toxicity (GI, pulmonary, hepatic)
27
methotrexate shouldn't be given to. . .
- pregnant females with psoriasis/RA - breastfeeding
28
what should the pt avoid when taking methotrexate
- pregnancy/effective contraceptive 3 months after treatment - alcohol
29
labs and illnesses to monitor for when administering methotrexate
- CBC - platelets - renal/liver function tests - leukopenia - thrombocytopenia - serum methotrexate levels - TLS
30
vincristine is used when treating. . .
- ALL - Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - neuroblastoma - Wilms tumor
31
vincristine is cell cycle specific on the _____ phase by inhibiting ______
- M phase - mitosis
32
common s/e with vincristine
- cranial nerve damage - dysuria - HTN - hypotension
33
major s/e with vincristine
- extravasation (antidote is Hyaluronidase - SIADH (body produces too much ADH)
34
when would vincristine result in fatality?
if given any other route than IV
35
labs to monitor with vincristine
- bilirubin - kidney function *neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia*
36
what should the nurse determine prior to vincristine administration?
absolute patency of vein and adequate circulation of extremity
37
the nurse should monitor what status and WHY during vincristine therapy?
neuro status d/t neurotoxicity being prevalent in the elderly
38
pt education for vincristine (things to avoid, reports, etc)
- avoid pregnancy and/or d/c breastfeeding - report burning/stinging at IV site - increase fluid
39
types of cancers that tamoxifen treats
- breast (male & female) - ovarian - uterine - testicular - prostate
40
tamoxifen blocks the stimulation of growing cells specific to what hormone?
estrogen
41
tamoxifen increases the risk for. . .
- uterine cancer - thrombosis - CV disease
42
common s/e of tamoxifen
- missed periods - bladder pain - pyuria (pus in urine) - weight gain - photosensitivity
43
major s/e of tamoxifen
- GI toxicity - hypercalcemia
44
pt education for tamoxifen
- adequate oral hygiene - protect skin from UV - weigh weekly - utilize contraception - small, frequent meals - increase fluids to 2L/day
45
labs to monitor with tamoxifen
- calcium - renal/liver function - cholesterol - triglycerides
46
the nurse should monitor for ____ when administering tamoxifen
s/s of DVT, PE, stroke (edema, SOB, pain)