exam 3: oncology Flashcards
alkylating agents
damage the cell’s DNA, causing the DNA strand to break
alkylating agents prevent. . .
the reproduction of cancer cells
nitrogen mustards
same as alkylating agents
antitumor antibiotics
interfere with DNA replication and RNA transcription
antitumor antibiotics do not treat. . .
infection
plant alkaloid causes. . .
cell dysfunction during mitosis
cyclophosphamide treats. . .
- non-hodgkins/hodgkins lymphoma
- CLL
- multiple myeloma
- breast, ovarian, lung cancer
common s/e of cyclophosphamide
- alopecia
- fever
- neutropenia
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
major s/e of cyclophosphamide
- bone marrow suppression
- hemorrhagic cystitis
- TLS (tumor lysis syndrome)
cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in clients who have an obstructed. . .
urinary outflow
labs to monitor with cyclophosphamide
- CBC
- platelets
- urine
what may be used to prevent bladder toxicity with cyclophosphamide
mesna
pt education for cyclophosphamide
- increase fluid intake
- report urinary s/s
- choose an effective birth control method
- report s/s of infection
doxorubicin is used to treat. . .
- breast cancer with lymph node involvement
- ALL
- AML
- Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
doxorubicin interferes with ________ by ______
cell cycle division by binding to DNA
doxorubicin is also known as the. . .
red devil
common s/e of doxorubicin
- alopecia
- fatigue
- mucositis
- dry skin
- anorexia
major s/e of doxorubicin
- cardiac toxicity
- bone marrow suppression
doxorubicin is contraindicated in pts with. . .
- severe myocardial insufficiency
- recent MI (last 4-6wks)
- severe myelosuppression
- severe hepatic impairment
what should the nurse monitor before each dose of doxorubicin?
- ECG
- CXR
- echocardiogram
- left ventricular EF
what should the pt report while taking doxorubicin?
- any s/s of infection, tachycardia, cough, SOB, lower extremity edema
- any s/s of redness, burning or blisters on palms of hands/soles of feet
urine appearance during doxorubicin therapy
red
labs to monitor with doxorubicin administration
- CBC
- platelets, uric acid
- electrolytes
- liver + kidney function
nurse should assess and monitor for _____ when giving doxorubicin
- bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia)
- cardiac status
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
common s/e with methotrexate
- ulcerative stomatitis
- leukopenia
- malaise
major s/e with methotrexate
- TLS
- toxicity (GI, pulmonary, hepatic)
methotrexate shouldn’t be given to. . .
- pregnant females with psoriasis/RA
- breastfeeding
what should the pt avoid when taking methotrexate
- pregnancy/effective contraceptive 3 months after treatment
- alcohol
labs and illnesses to monitor for when administering methotrexate
- CBC
- platelets
- renal/liver function tests
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- serum methotrexate levels
- TLS
vincristine is used when treating. . .
- ALL
- Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- neuroblastoma
- Wilms tumor
vincristine is cell cycle specific on the _____ phase by inhibiting ______
- M phase
- mitosis
common s/e with vincristine
- cranial nerve damage
- dysuria
- HTN
- hypotension
major s/e with vincristine
- extravasation (antidote is Hyaluronidase
- SIADH (body produces too much ADH)
when would vincristine result in fatality?
if given any other route than IV
labs to monitor with vincristine
- bilirubin
- kidney function
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia
what should the nurse determine prior to vincristine administration?
absolute patency of vein and adequate circulation of extremity
the nurse should monitor what status and WHY during vincristine therapy?
neuro status d/t neurotoxicity being prevalent in the elderly
pt education for vincristine (things to avoid, reports, etc)
- avoid pregnancy and/or d/c breastfeeding
- report burning/stinging at IV site
- increase fluid
types of cancers that tamoxifen treats
- breast (male & female)
- ovarian
- uterine
- testicular
- prostate
tamoxifen blocks the stimulation of growing cells specific to what hormone?
estrogen
tamoxifen increases the risk for. . .
- uterine cancer
- thrombosis
- CV disease
common s/e of tamoxifen
- missed periods
- bladder pain
- pyuria (pus in urine)
- weight gain
- photosensitivity
major s/e of tamoxifen
- GI toxicity
- hypercalcemia
pt education for tamoxifen
- adequate oral hygiene
- protect skin from UV
- weigh weekly
- utilize contraception
- small, frequent meals
- increase fluids to 2L/day
labs to monitor with tamoxifen
- calcium
- renal/liver function
- cholesterol
- triglycerides
the nurse should monitor for ____ when administering tamoxifen
s/s of DVT, PE, stroke (edema, SOB, pain)
