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BCS > Exam #3 Neuro > Flashcards

Exam #3 Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Dysarthria

A

Defective articulation of speech apparatus. Words may be nasal, slurred, indistinct. Language intact. Motor neuron lesions of CNS or PNS, Parkinsonism, and cerebellar disease

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2
Q

Apahsia

A

Disorder of language; producing or understanding. Caused by lesions in dominant cerebral hemisphere (usually L)

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3
Q

Dysphonia

A

Impaired volume, quality, or pitch of voice

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4
Q

Disequilibrium

A

Impaired walking due to difficulties with balance. Dizziness “in the feet”. Does not occur in non-ambulatory patient

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5
Q

Light-headedness

A

Dizziness that is not vertigo, syncope, or disequilibrium. Undifferentiated dizziness

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6
Q

Presyncope

A

Feeling about to faint or loose consciousness. No loss.

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7
Q

Syncope

A

Sudden, transient LOC

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8
Q

Vertigo

A

Illusion or hallucination of movement, usually rotation, either of oneself of environment

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9
Q

Primary HA

A

Chronic, benign, recurring HA w/o known cause.

Ex: migraine, tension

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10
Q

Secondary HA

A

Due to underlying pathology

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11
Q

New HA

A

Recent onset or chronic HA that’s in character. More likely to be pathologic than unchanged chronic HA

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12
Q

Aura

A

Complex neurologic phenomena that preceedes HA.

Ex: scotoma, aphasia, hemiparesis

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13
Q

Thunderclap HA

A

Occurs instantaneously with max intensity at onset

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14
Q

Cervicogenic HA

A

Referred HA pain originates from neck, d/t muscle tension or cervical degenerative arthritis.
AKA: occiptial neuralgia

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15
Q

Spastic Hemiparesis

A

Corticospinal tract lesion; poor control of flexor muscles during swing phase

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16
Q

Steppage gait

A

Foot drop, Peripheral motor neuron dz.

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17
Q

Sensory ataxia

A

Loss of position sense in legs from polyneuropathy or post column damage

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18
Q

Cerebellar ataxia

A

disease of cerebellum or associated tracts

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19
Q

Parkinson’s gait

A

Basal ganglia defects

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20
Q

Scissors gait

A

SC dz; lwr extrem spasticity including adductor spasm

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21
Q

Ascending paralysis

A

Motor weakness that begins in the feet.

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22
Q

Bulbar symptoms

A

Weakness in m. of face and tongue = difficulty speaking, swallowing, smiling

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23
Q

Descending paralysis

A

Motor weakness that begins in the face and moves down

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24
Q

Distal weakness

A

Weakness in distal extrem (foot drop)

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25
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side

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26
Q

Monoparesis

A

Weakness of one limb

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27
Q

Paraparesis

A

Weakness of both legs

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28
Q

Proximal weakness

A

Weakness in prox m. (shoulder girdle, quads). = difficulty standing up from seated or raising arms OH

29
Q

Tetraparesis

A

Weakness in all 4 limbs

30
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion

A

Abnormalities of motor pathways that descend from CNS. Results in spasticiity, hyperreflexia, and increased m. tone

31
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion

A

Abnormalities in alpha motor neurons in brainstem or spinal grey mater = atrophy, hyporeflexia, and fasiculations

32
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic progressive degenerative condition affecting memory, behavior, and cognition

33
Q

Delirium

A

Acute impairment in attention or disorganized thinking. Fluctuation course and altered LOC

34
Q

Attention

A

ability to focus on specific stimuli and change from on stim to another when salient

35
Q

Alertness

A

Level of arousal or responsiveness to external cues

36
Q

Coherence

A

Ability to maintain selective attention over time

37
Q

Asterixis

A

Failure to maintain continuous voluntary tone in limbs resulting in brief loss of strength

38
Q

Meningismus

A

Neck stiffness and pain on neck flexion and ext. Sign of meningitis

39
Q

Monocular dipolopia

A

Diplopia with only one eye viewing

40
Q

Binocular diplopia

A

Diplopia present only when both eyes are open

41
Q

Polyopia

A

Seeing multiple copies of an image

42
Q

Comitant

A

Diplopia that does not vary with gaze direction

43
Q

Esotropia

A

Crossed eyes; eyes pointing medially with respect to each other

44
Q

Exotropia

A

Eyes pointing laterally with respect to each other

45
Q

Hypertropia

A

One eye elevated with respect to the other

46
Q

Phoria

A

Tendency for eyes to be misaligned when one is covered. Both open = oculor motor control uses vision to align eyes –> no diplopia

47
Q

Ataxia

A

Unbalanced or uncoordinated ambulation

48
Q

Cerebellar ataxia

A

Ataxia due to impaired cerebellar fxn

49
Q

Sensory ataxia

A

Ataxia due to impaired proprioceptive or sensory feedback from lwr extrem.

50
Q

Spastic paraplegia

A

Tonic muscular contraction leading to inability to relax m. increased tone d/t damage of inhibitory neurons in SC or brain

51
Q

Peripheral neurophathy

A

Abnormal sensory or motor nerve fxn leading to weakness, altered sensory perception or both.

52
Q

Action tremor

A

Oscillation occuring or increasing during voluntary movement; generally midrange frequency

53
Q

Postural tremor

A

Osciallation that occurs while maintaining fixed posture against gravity or during other fixed postures (clenched fist, standing); higher frequency

54
Q

Rest tremor

A

Oscillation with affected body part at rest, during no action and without resisting gravity. Lower frequency.

55
Q

Intention tremor

A

Action tremor - osciallation orthogonal to direction of movement and increases in amp as target approached. Denotes disease of cerebellum and/or contents

56
Q

Physiologic tremor

A

Irregular oscillations occuring during maintenance of posture, disappears when eyes closed or gravity load is placed on muscles.
May be normal.

57
Q

Enhanced physologic tremor

A

increased in amp due to fatigue, sleep deprivation, drug tx, endocrine disorder, caffeine use, stress

58
Q

Essential tremor

A

Isolated postural/action tremor involving hands and sometimes head and voice without other neuro findings.

59
Q

Parkinsonian tremor

A

Rest tremor w/ regular “pill-rolling” quality; freq assoc with other symptoms of Parkinson’s.

60
Q

Task-specific tremor

A

Tremor elicited by specific task - speaking or writing.

61
Q

Resting tremor

A

Prominent at rest. Decrease/disappear with voluntary movement.

62
Q

Intention tremor

A

Absent at rest, appears with movement. Increases closer to target.
Causes: Cerebellar disorders (MS)

63
Q

Postural tremor

A

When affected part is actively maintaining posture.

Ex. fine rapid tremor of hyperthyroidism, tremors of anxiety and fatigued and benign essential tremor.

64
Q

Tics

A

Brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements at irregular intervals.
Ex. repetitive winking, grimacing, shldr shrugging.
Causes: Tourette syndrome, late effect of drugs

65
Q

Dystonia

A

Larger part of body than athetoid movements. Grotesque, twisted postures.
Causes: drugs, primary torsion dystonia, spasmodic torticollis.

66
Q

Chorea

A

Brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, unpredictable. At rest or interrupts normal coordinated movements.
Seldom repeats.
Causes: Huntington dz and Rheumatic fever

67
Q

Athetosis

A

Slower, twisting, writhing with large amplitude. Face and distal extremities
Causes; CP

68
Q

Asterixis

A

Sudden, brief, nonrhypthmic flexion of hands and fingers.

Caused by liver disesase, uremia, hypercapnia.

BCS (2 decks)

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