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BCS > Exam #3 Neuro > Flashcards

Exam #3 Neuro Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Dysarthria

A

Defective articulation of speech apparatus. Words may be nasal, slurred, indistinct. Language intact. Motor neuron lesions of CNS or PNS, Parkinsonism, and cerebellar disease

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2
Q

Apahsia

A

Disorder of language; producing or understanding. Caused by lesions in dominant cerebral hemisphere (usually L)

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3
Q

Dysphonia

A

Impaired volume, quality, or pitch of voice

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4
Q

Disequilibrium

A

Impaired walking due to difficulties with balance. Dizziness “in the feet”. Does not occur in non-ambulatory patient

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5
Q

Light-headedness

A

Dizziness that is not vertigo, syncope, or disequilibrium. Undifferentiated dizziness

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6
Q

Presyncope

A

Feeling about to faint or loose consciousness. No loss.

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7
Q

Syncope

A

Sudden, transient LOC

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8
Q

Vertigo

A

Illusion or hallucination of movement, usually rotation, either of oneself of environment

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9
Q

Primary HA

A

Chronic, benign, recurring HA w/o known cause.

Ex: migraine, tension

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10
Q

Secondary HA

A

Due to underlying pathology

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11
Q

New HA

A

Recent onset or chronic HA that’s in character. More likely to be pathologic than unchanged chronic HA

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12
Q

Aura

A

Complex neurologic phenomena that preceedes HA.

Ex: scotoma, aphasia, hemiparesis

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13
Q

Thunderclap HA

A

Occurs instantaneously with max intensity at onset

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14
Q

Cervicogenic HA

A

Referred HA pain originates from neck, d/t muscle tension or cervical degenerative arthritis.
AKA: occiptial neuralgia

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15
Q

Spastic Hemiparesis

A

Corticospinal tract lesion; poor control of flexor muscles during swing phase

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16
Q

Steppage gait

A

Foot drop, Peripheral motor neuron dz.

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17
Q

Sensory ataxia

A

Loss of position sense in legs from polyneuropathy or post column damage

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18
Q

Cerebellar ataxia

A

disease of cerebellum or associated tracts

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19
Q

Parkinson’s gait

A

Basal ganglia defects

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20
Q

Scissors gait

A

SC dz; lwr extrem spasticity including adductor spasm

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21
Q

Ascending paralysis

A

Motor weakness that begins in the feet.

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22
Q

Bulbar symptoms

A

Weakness in m. of face and tongue = difficulty speaking, swallowing, smiling

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23
Q

Descending paralysis

A

Motor weakness that begins in the face and moves down

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24
Q

Distal weakness

A

Weakness in distal extrem (foot drop)

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25
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side
26
Monoparesis
Weakness of one limb
27
Paraparesis
Weakness of both legs
28
Proximal weakness
Weakness in prox m. (shoulder girdle, quads). = difficulty standing up from seated or raising arms OH
29
Tetraparesis
Weakness in all 4 limbs
30
Upper motor neuron lesion
Abnormalities of motor pathways that descend from CNS. Results in spasticiity, hyperreflexia, and increased m. tone
31
Lower motor neuron lesion
Abnormalities in alpha motor neurons in brainstem or spinal grey mater = atrophy, hyporeflexia, and fasiculations
32
Dementia
Chronic progressive degenerative condition affecting memory, behavior, and cognition
33
Delirium
Acute impairment in attention or disorganized thinking. Fluctuation course and altered LOC
34
Attention
ability to focus on specific stimuli and change from on stim to another when salient
35
Alertness
Level of arousal or responsiveness to external cues
36
Coherence
Ability to maintain selective attention over time
37
Asterixis
Failure to maintain continuous voluntary tone in limbs resulting in brief loss of strength
38
Meningismus
Neck stiffness and pain on neck flexion and ext. Sign of meningitis
39
Monocular dipolopia
Diplopia with only one eye viewing
40
Binocular diplopia
Diplopia present only when both eyes are open
41
Polyopia
Seeing multiple copies of an image
42
Comitant
Diplopia that does not vary with gaze direction
43
Esotropia
Crossed eyes; eyes pointing medially with respect to each other
44
Exotropia
Eyes pointing laterally with respect to each other
45
Hypertropia
One eye elevated with respect to the other
46
Phoria
Tendency for eyes to be misaligned when one is covered. Both open = oculor motor control uses vision to align eyes --> no diplopia
47
Ataxia
Unbalanced or uncoordinated ambulation
48
Cerebellar ataxia
Ataxia due to impaired cerebellar fxn
49
Sensory ataxia
Ataxia due to impaired proprioceptive or sensory feedback from lwr extrem.
50
Spastic paraplegia
Tonic muscular contraction leading to inability to relax m. increased tone d/t damage of inhibitory neurons in SC or brain
51
Peripheral neurophathy
Abnormal sensory or motor nerve fxn leading to weakness, altered sensory perception or both.
52
Action tremor
Oscillation occuring or increasing during voluntary movement; generally midrange frequency
53
Postural tremor
Osciallation that occurs while maintaining fixed posture against gravity or during other fixed postures (clenched fist, standing); higher frequency
54
Rest tremor
Oscillation with affected body part at rest, during no action and without resisting gravity. Lower frequency.
55
Intention tremor
Action tremor - osciallation orthogonal to direction of movement and increases in amp as target approached. Denotes disease of cerebellum and/or contents
56
Physiologic tremor
Irregular oscillations occuring during maintenance of posture, disappears when eyes closed or gravity load is placed on muscles. May be normal.
57
Enhanced physologic tremor
increased in amp due to fatigue, sleep deprivation, drug tx, endocrine disorder, caffeine use, stress
58
Essential tremor
Isolated postural/action tremor involving hands and sometimes head and voice without other neuro findings.
59
Parkinsonian tremor
Rest tremor w/ regular "pill-rolling" quality; freq assoc with other symptoms of Parkinson's.
60
Task-specific tremor
Tremor elicited by specific task - speaking or writing.
61
Resting tremor
Prominent at rest. Decrease/disappear with voluntary movement.
62
Intention tremor
Absent at rest, appears with movement. Increases closer to target. Causes: Cerebellar disorders (MS)
63
Postural tremor
When affected part is actively maintaining posture. | Ex. fine rapid tremor of hyperthyroidism, tremors of anxiety and fatigued and benign essential tremor.
64
Tics
Brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements at irregular intervals. Ex. repetitive winking, grimacing, shldr shrugging. Causes: Tourette syndrome, late effect of drugs
65
Dystonia
Larger part of body than athetoid movements. Grotesque, twisted postures. Causes: drugs, primary torsion dystonia, spasmodic torticollis.
66
Chorea
Brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, unpredictable. At rest or interrupts normal coordinated movements. Seldom repeats. Causes: Huntington dz and Rheumatic fever
67
Athetosis
Slower, twisting, writhing with large amplitude. Face and distal extremities Causes; CP
68
Asterixis
Sudden, brief, nonrhypthmic flexion of hands and fingers. | Caused by liver disesase, uremia, hypercapnia.

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