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Health Science > Exam #3 ( Nervous System, Mental Health, Sensory Systems) > Flashcards

Exam #3 ( Nervous System, Mental Health, Sensory Systems) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Transmit messages

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2
Q

What do glia do?

A

Support and protect neurons, maintain ion balance

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3
Q

What are the three basic types of neurons?

A
  • Motor Neuron
  • Sensory Neuron
  • Interneuron
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4
Q

What does the outer membrane of a neuron do?

A

Regulates the passage of ions in and out of the cell.

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5
Q

Define resting potential.

A

Neuron not transmitting signal; “at rest”

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6
Q

Define action potential.

A

Signal received, spreads to trigger zone.

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7
Q

How does an action potential move from one neuron to another?

A

Neurotransmitters (chemical signals) diffuse across a synapse (gap).

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8
Q

What structures constitute the central nervous system?

A
  • The brain; Forebrain, midbrain, and midbrain.

- The spinal cord.

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9
Q

What structures constitute the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory input -> Integration -> Motor output

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10
Q

What are the primary functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

“Fight or Flight”

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11
Q

What are the primary functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

“rest and digest”

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12
Q

What is the anatomy of a neuron?

A

-Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon endings

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13
Q

Define spirituality.

A

Belief in someone or something that goes beyond the boundaries of self.

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14
Q

Define spiritual health.

A

Ability to identify one’s purpose in life and achieve one’s full potential.

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15
Q

How do you enhance spiritual health?

A
  • Clarify your values
  • Prayer or meditation
  • Get outside
  • Express Gratitude
  • Altruism: Helping or giving to others
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16
Q

Define Mental Disorder.

A

Pattern of behavior that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability or loss of freedom.

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17
Q

What causes mental illnesses?

A

Problems with communication between neurons in the brain (neurotransmitters)

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18
Q

What is the worlds most common mental disorder?

A

Depression.

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19
Q

What is Bipolar Disease?

A

Alternation between major depression and abnormally elevated mood.

20
Q

What is Anxiety Disorder?

A

Phobia: Irrational, persistent fear of objects and situations.

21
Q

What is the most common childhood mental disorder?

A

ADHD.

22
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Profound impairment of sense of reality due to abnormal brain structure / chemicals

23
Q

Nerve cells identify particular stimuli, depending on their type

A

True

24
Q

Neurons carry signal to brain where it is decoded. The brain uses information about which nerve cells are involved, the frequency of impulses (action potentials), and number of neurons in order to identify the stimulus.

A

True

25
Q

Define Mechanoreceptors.

A

Pressure, position, or

acceleration.

26
Q

Define Thermoreceptors.

A

Temperature.

27
Q

Define Nocireceptors.

A

Damage tissue (pain)

28
Q

Define Chemoreceptors.

A

Chemicals.

29
Q

Define Osmoreceptors.

A

Water volume

30
Q

What are Somatic Sensations?

A

Touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain, movement.

31
Q

What are Nociceptors?

A

Pain receptors; Free nerve endings

32
Q

What is Referred Pain?

A

Pain from internal organs may be wrongly projected to parts of skin surface.

33
Q

What is Gustation?

A

Sense of taste.

34
Q

How many layers are in the eye?

A

Three.

35
Q

What is in the outer layer of the eye?

A
  • Sclera

- Cornea

36
Q

What does the Sclera (“white”) do?

A

Protect the eye

37
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Focus light.

38
Q

What does the iris do?

A

Regulate light

39
Q

What does the pupil do?

A

Entrance for light.

40
Q

What is in the inner layer of the eye?

A

Retina

41
Q

How does alcohol affect many areas in the brain?

A

Generally by suppressing neuron activity.

42
Q

What are some effects alcohol has on the heart?

A
  • Weakness of heart.
  • Arrhythmia
  • Stroke
  • Hypertension
43
Q

What are some effects alcohol has on the liver?

A

Toxic by-products of breaking down alcohol damages liver.

44
Q

Effects alcohol has on pancreas.

A

Damages pancreas and causes risk of pancreas cancer.

45
Q

How does alcohol affect people differently?

A

Largely based on their body size.

46
Q

How does alcohol content decrease over time?

A

Liver breaks it down.

47
Q

Genetics of alcohol

A

Alcohol -> Acetaldehyde -> Acetic Acid

Health Science (1 decks)

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