Exam 3 Materials Flashcards
Why do cells divide?
To replace old cells, reproduction and growth
Define Mitosis
division of one cell = entire new organism (eukaryote)
Define Binary Fussion
Division of one cell = entire new organism in prokaryotes
Define Mitosis
Division of one cell contributes to development, growth, repair of complex systems
Sexually reproducing organisms make haploid gametes through what process?
Meiosis
Interphase consists of what stages?
G1, S and G2
Mitotic phase consist of
Mitosis and cytokinesis
G1 stands for
a growth phase called the first gap
S stands for
synthesis where DNA is replicated
G2 stands for
Second gap growth phase
Mitosis
one diploid parent cell becomes two genetically identical daughter cells
cytokinesis
where the cells are actually splitting
Genome
all the genetic material in the cell
Chromosome
how DNA molecules are packaged in the cell
Gene
unit of heredity; passed down from parent to offspring. Usually “codes” for pheontype
Prophase
condensing of the chromosomes and the nuclear envelope dissolves
Metaphase
chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
metaphase plate
a plane midway between the spindles two poles
Anaphase
the chromosomes start to separate
Telophase
chromosomes are on opposite ends of cell, nuclear envelope starts to form
cytokinesis
pinching of the cell membrane
cleavage furrow
see in animal cells in cytokinesis
cell plate
see in plant cells in cytokinesis
Cell division is regulated by
internal and external controls
_________ occur throughout the cell cycle that tell a cell to divide, grow or do nothing
checkpoints
_________ are involved in the checkpoints
regulatory proteins
cancer cells
do not respond normally to the body control mechanisms. Cancer cells can grow uncontrolled and can spread to other parts of the body
tumor
abnormal growth of tissue
benign tumor
cells remain at original site
malignant tumor
cells invade the surrounding tissue
