Exam 3 Mastery Terms

Question 1

Public speaker; Unites States; 1800 AD

-escaped slavery with her infant
-advocate for abolition + women’s rights movements

Answer 1

Sojourner Truth

Question 2

Writer; United States; 1800 AD

-escaped slavery and became a national eader of abolition movement
-published autobiography + argued faith of God is different from faith of this land

Answer 2

Fredrick Douglass

Question 3

Revolution; England > United States; 1700-1800 AD

-led to larger factory production, economic boost, poor work conditions+pay
-led to calls for social and economic reform

Answer 3

Industrial Revolution

Question 4

Movement; Europe+America; 1800-1900 AD

-attempted to adapt Christianity to fit into scientific revolution + enlightenment
-scripture is not inspired word of God

Answer 4

Modernism

Question 5

Movement; America; 1900 AD

-argued for traditional Christian beliefs
-used high education to fight modernism (ex. Scopes Trial)

Answer 5

Fundamentalism

Question 6

Dayton, Tennessee; 1925 AD

-John Scopes put on trial for teaching evolution in public high school > guilty
-Modernism vs Fundamentalism
-Fundamentalism lost popularity in public opinion (“outdated”)

Answer 6

Scopes Trial

Question 7

War; 1914 - 1918 AD

-1st use of weapons for mass destruction > 10-15 million dead
-industrialized war
-allies vs central powers

Answer 7

World War I

Question 8

War; 1939-1945 AD

-50-70 million dead
-decolonizing of Africa+Asia
-result of unresolved issues from WWI
-allies vs axis

Answer 8

World War II

Question 9

Pastor+theologian; Germany; 1900 AD

-openly against Hitler + Nazis
-helped found Confessing Church > critical of it not helping more
-gave up pacifism to go against Hitler
-arrested for planning to kill Hitler > killed 2 years later

Answer 9

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Question 10

Astronomer+Physicist; Italy; 1600 AD

-proved that the earth moved around the sun, got him put on trial for heresy
-argued that the Church should not use the Bible to make claims about science

Answer 10

Galileo

Question 11

Mathematician+Physicist; England; 1600 AD

-uncovered laws of nature that changed how the physical world was understood
-proposed universal gravitation which explained orbits

Answer 11

Isaac Newton

Question 12

Revolution; 1500-1600 AD

-changed to world of knowledge
-laid foundation for modern science and technology

Answer 12

Scientific Revolution

Question 13

Philosopher; Germany; 1700 AD

-said enlightenment is about power of reason
-argued for natural rights of all humans… but was very racist

Answer 13

Immanuel Kant (Kunt)

Question 14

Movement; 1600-1700 AD

-age of reason
-wanted rational explanations of economics, politics, education, and religion
-challenged authority of church and monarchy

Answer 14

The Enlightenment

Question 15

Mathematician+Philosopher; France; 1600 AD

-used method of doubt to prove that he must exist, built on from there
-argued for faith that is rational and proven

Answer 15

Rene Descartes

Question 16

Philosopher; England; 1600 AD

-created idea of state of nature where government does not exist… people must give up some freedom to gain security
-argued people have right to create a better government

Answer 16

John Locke

Question 17

Writer; England; 1700 AD

-argued women could be equal to men if given the same education and opportunities
-used enlightenment idea of reason to argue for equality

Answer 17

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 18

Writer; Nigeria + England; 1700 AD

-bought his own freedom… wrote autobiography in which he described details of slavery
-had large impact on abolishment of British Slave Trade (1807)

Answer 18

Olaudah Equiano

Question 19

Religion; Europe + America; 1700 AD

-belief that God created the world… but does not interact with it
-grows from scientific revolution and wars of religion

Answer 19

Deism

Question 20

Movement; Germany; 1600 AD

-focused on small group study and Christian practice
-played major role in shaping movements that led to religious awakenings

Answer 20

Pietism

Question 21

Preacher; England; 1700 AD

-founded Methodism as revival within Church of England
-called for balance between faith and reason

Answer 21

John Wesley