Exam 3 Lower Limb Flashcards
Nerve roots of iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn
VPR L1
Nerve roots of lateral femoral cutaneous
VPR L2-L3
Nerve roots of femoral n
Posterior divisions of VPR L2-4
Nerve roots of the genitofemoral n
VPR L1-2
Nerve roots of obturator n
Anterior divisions of VPR L2-4
Nerve roots of lumbosacral trunk
VPR L4-5
Nerve roots of superior gluteal n
Posterior divisions of L4-S1
Nerve roots of inferior gluteal n
Posterior divisions of VPR L5-S2
Nerve roots of the posterior femoral cutaneous n
Anterior and posterior divisions of VPR S1-3
Nerve roots of sciatic nerve
Anterior and posterior division of VPR L4-S3
Nerve roots of Pudendal n
Anterior divisions VPR S2-4
Nerve root of nerve to quadratus
Anterior divisions of VPR L4-S1
Nerve root of the nerve to obturator internus
Posterior divisions of VPR L5-S2
What are symptoms of a fracture to the femoral neck
Limb laterally rotated and shortened
What is a possible result of a fracture to the femoral neck
Proximal avascular necrosis due to disruption of blood supply from medial femoral circumflex artery
What is the locational difference between a intertrochanteric fracture and a fracture of the femoral neck
Intertrochanteric: extracapsular
Femoral neck: intracapsular
Location and availability of blood supply due to location dramatically changes healing time
What is the result of a posterior dislocation of the hip joint
Possible injury to sciatic nerve:
paralysis of hamstrings and everything distal to knee
Loss of sensation over postolateral leg and most of foot
What is the result of a anterior dislocation of the hip joint
My damage femoral nerve:
Paralysis of sartorius and quads
Loss of sensation to medial leg and foot
What is the result of an injury to the superior gluteal nerve
Gluteal Gait: weakened ABD and MR of thigh listing of body and limb becomes “too long” and patient is unable to walk with foot clearing the ground
Positive Trendelenburg test
What is the result of an injury to the sciatic n in the gluteal region
Usually damaged on the medial side
Compression: pain radiating from buttock down leg
Complete lesion: leg basically becomes useless, only able to use muscles supplied by the saphenous n
What is an intermittent claudication
Blockage of femoral, popliteal, or posterior tibial artery
Causes ischemia to muscles during exercise
What is the result of an injury to the femoral nerve
Weakened flexion of thigh, loss of leg extension, loss of sensation to medial thigh
Difficulty walking up uphill or stairs
Where are femoral hernias most likely to occur
Protrudes through femoral ring into the femoral canal compressing everything
What are symptoms of a torn hamstring
Extreme pain, bruising and tearing of muscle tissue, usually the semimembronosus
What likely will be injured with a blow to the lateral side of an extended knee
The “unhappy triad”
Ruptured TCL
concomitant tearing of medial meniscus
Tearing of ACL
Which direction does the tibia slide after a tear of the ACL
Tibia is free to slide anteriorly under fixed femur
Which direction does the tibia move with a PCL tear.
Tibia is free to slide posterior under fixed femur
What is Q-angle in the knee
Femur diagonal in thigh, while tibia is almost vertical in leg
What is genu varum
Bowleg
Small q angle
What is genu valgum
Knock knee
Large q angle
What is compartment syndrome
Increased pressure in confined anatomical spaces effects circulation
What is a tibialis anterior strain
Shin splints
Result from repetitive micro trauma to to tibialis anterior m causing small tears to periosteum
What is the result of an injury to the deep fibulae nerve
Know as ski boot syndrome
High lesion: dorsiflexion, inversion, and sensory loss to 1-2 toes
Low lesion: pain in dorsum of foot, and sensory loss to 1-2 toes
What can cause a fracture of the 5th metatarsal
Sudden violent inversion of ankle, causes fibulae is brevis to fracture or avulse 5th metatarsal
What is the result of an injury to the superficial fibular nerve
Weakened eversion (foot would invert with dorsiflexion) and sensory loss over anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot
Caused by chronic ankle sprains that stretch the nerve
What are the results of a calcaneal tendon rupture
Inability to plantarflex against resistance
What are the results of a injury to the tibia n in the popliteal fossa
Paralyzes flexors in leg
Paralyzes intrinsic muscles of plantar foot
Sensation to sole of foot is lost
What is the result of an injury to the tibial n at the ankle
Loss of intrinsic muscles of plantar foot
Loss of sensation over sole of foot
What is the result of an injury to the common fibular n
Flaccid paralysis of all muscles anterior and lateral compartments of the leg
Foot drop: Loss of dorsiflexion
Limb becomes “too long”
What are the three gaits associated with a injury to the common fibular n
Steppage gait
Waddling gait
Swing out gait
What is the cause of varicose veins
Valves become damaged, and no longer function properly causing veins to be dilated thick and rope like
What is the result of an ankle sprain
Anterior talofibular l. most commonly torn
Severe sprain may injure calcaneofibular l.
May also fracture the lateral malleolus
What is the name for and result of a ankle dislocation fracture
Potts fracture
Avulses medial malleolus, causes talus to move lateral shearing off lateral malleolus or breaks fibula. Posterior margin of tibia is also sheared off by talus
Trimalleolar fracture
What is pes planus
Flat feet, disappearance of medial longitudinal arch
