Exam 3 - Infectious Disease/Antibiotics Flashcards
2nd Generation - Cephalosporin
Cefaclor (Ceclor) – PO
Cefuroxime (Zinacef) – PO/IV
Good g+ and some g– and anaerobic coverage - bactericidal
Tx for: URI like haemophilis influenzae and some UTI coverage
Can be used for outpatient tx of bronchitis/pneumonia
3rd Generation - Cephalosporin
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) – IV
Good strep coverage & some g- organisms - bactericidal
Drug of choice for STREP pneumonia
Tx for: pneumonia, meningitis, UTIs
Covers pseudomonas
4th Generation - Cephalosporin
Cefapime (Maxipime)– IV
Good gram + and gram – coverage - bactericidal
Penetration into CNS and lungs
Covers pseudomonas
5th Generation - Cephalosporin
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
MRSA TREATMENT - bactericidal
Does not cover pseudomonas
Broad spectrum coverage
CEF the GIANT - Cephalosporins AEs
G: GI Disturbances I: Increased blood glucose A: Anaphylaxis - alcohol may induce vomiting N: Nephrotoxicity T: Thrombocytopenia
Carbapenems
Imipenem/Cilastin (Primaxin)
Great gram +, gram – and anaerobe coverage
Synthetic beta-lactam
Widely distributed throughout the body - CNS and bone penetration
Usually bacteriocidal
More coverage than piperacillin-tazobactam
Carbapenems AEs - BIG GUNS
B: Black tarry stools
I: Itching vagina/discharge
G: GI symptoms (N/V/D)
G: Ganaclouir use with antibiotic can cause seizures
U: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
N: Nasty smelling diarrhea
Monobactam - Aztreonam
Txs: Community-acquired pneumonia, osteomyelitis, surgical prophylaxis
Bactericidal
Vancomycin
Gram + coverage - Bactericidal
MRSA & C. diff treatment
AE = Red Man Syndrome & Anaphylaxis
Tetracyclines - Doxycycline
Treatment for tick borne illnesses, chlamydia, rocky mountain spotted fever - bacteriostatic
AE: Photosensitivity, tooth discoloration
STOP S: Sunlight sensitivity T: Take with glass of water O: No antacids, milk or iron when taking P: Put drug into empty stomach
Macrolides - Macro Girl
G: GI disturbance
I: IV site - check for irritation
R: Reduces activity of med if given with food or juice
L: LFTs - monitor
Macrolides - Azithromycin (Z-pack), Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
Reversibly binds to 50s ribosome
Can cover atypical organisms: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia species
Bacteriostatic, can be cidal at higher does
Broad spectrum
Some g+ and g- coverage
Clarithromycin used to treat H. pylori
Tx for: URI, pneumonia, chlamydia
Aminoglycosides - Gentamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin
Gram - coverage - Narrow spectrum
Bactericidal
Reversibly binds to 50s ribosome
Can cover atypical organisms: mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia species
Bacteriostatic, can be cidal at higher does
Broad spectrum
Some g+ and g- coverage
Clarithromycin used to treat H. pylori
Tx for: URI, pneumonia, chlamydia
3 Amino Mice - Aminoglycosides AEs
Can’t hear - Ototoxicity
Can’t go - Nephrotoxicity
Can’t feel - Neurotoxicity
Clindamycin
Pt. at higher risk of contracting C. diff
Bacteriostatic
Covers g+ organisms and anerobes
Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit – at therapeutic concentration its bacteriostatic
Tx for: SSTI, mouth infections
Used as alternative to penicillin for pts. who are allergic
AE: diarrhea, C. diff
Teach pt. s/s of C. diff if on this drug
