Exam 3 HA

Question 1

Diastole

Answer 1

ventricles are relaxed and the AV valves are open. The pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles, therefore blood pours rapidly into the ventricles.

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

Blood has filled the ventricles and the ventricle pressure rises, closing the AV valves shut (S1 sound)

Question 3

abdominojugular test

Answer 3

Position pt supine and instruct them to breathe quietly with their mouth open. Hold your right hand over the mid-abdomen and watch the level of jugular pulsation as you push in with your hand

Question 4

Pulse deficit

Answer 4

auscultating the apical beat while simultaneously palpating the radial pulse

Question 5

Jugular venous pressure:

Answer 5

Hold a vertical ruler on the sternal angle. Align a straightedge on the ruler like a T-square. Read the level of intersection on the vertical ruler; normal jugular venous pulsation is 2 cm or less above the sternal angle.

Question 6

Aortic valve area

Answer 6

2nd right interspace

Question 7

Pulmonic valve area

Answer 7

2nd left interspace

Question 8

Tricuspid valve area

Answer 8

Left lower sternal border

Question 9

Mitral valve area

Answer 9

5th interspace at around left midclavicular line

Question 10

When does S1 occur?

Answer 10

It occurs with the closure of the AV valves; loudest at apex. Beginning of systole

Question 11

When does S2 happen?

Answer 11

the closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole; loudest at base of heart

Question 12

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 12

The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

Question 13

Lift or heaves

Answer 13

forceful cardiac contractions that cause a slight to vigorous movement of sternum and ribs

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

Carry freshly oxygenated blood away from heart

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

Carry blood to heart; absorb CO2 and waste products

Question 16

Jugular venous pulse

Answer 16

backwash, waveform moving backward caused by regular cardiac cycle

Question 17

Assessment of JVP

Answer 17

Use the angle of Louis as reference point
Use a vertical ruler and algin into a ‘T’
Must be at 2cm or less to be consider normal & you cannot not see the extension of the jugular vein
Person must be at 30-45 angle in supine position

Question 18

What happens when JVP slows or speeds up?

Answer 18

Elevated pressure (<3cm @45degrees) = heart failure; must perform the abdominojugular test

Question 19

Angina pectoris (ischmeic)

Answer 19

Pressurelike pain like tightening which lasts 3 to 5 mins and causes by activity & resolves with rest

Question 20

Pericarditis (noniscmic)

Answer 20

Sudden sharp and stabbing pain often relived by sitting or leaning foward & worsen when laying down

Question 21

Modified-allen test

Answer 21

adequate circulation is palmar blush, a return to the normal color of the hand in less than 7 seconds.

Question 22

The Wells Score for Leg DVT

Answer 22

Score of 1 or 2= moderate probability of DVT.
Score of 3 points or more= high probability of DVT.

Question 23

Lymphatic System’s functions

Answer 23

Conservative fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
Participates in the body’s immune response
Absorbs lipids from the small intestines

Question 24

Lymphatic system parts

Answer 24

Bone marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, and Thymus

Question 25

What does the clerical node drain?

Answer 25

Head and neck

Question 26

What does the auxiliary node drain?

Answer 26

Breast and upper arm

Question 27

What does the epitrochlear node drain?

Answer 27

Located at the antecubital fossa and drains the hands

Question 28

What does the inguinal node drain?

Answer 28

located at the groin and drains the lower extremities, external genitalia and abdominal wall

Question 29

Tonsil function

Answer 29

respond to local inflammation in the entrance of the respiratory and GI

Question 30

Thymus function

Answer 30

develop T lymphocytes & B lymphocytes

Question 31

Spleen function

Answer 31

1) destroy old red blood cells (2) produce antibodies (3) store red blood cells (4) filter microorganisms

Question 32

Filtration

Answer 32

Fluid moves according to a pressure gradient– the pumping action of the heart pushes more fluid out of the capillaries than the venules can absorb, and the lymph vessels absorb this fluid

Question 33

Diffusion

Answer 33

concentration gradient; free roaming bacteria, abnormal cells, and other matter

Question 34

Atherosclerosis

Answer 34

Plaque buildup

Question 35

Symmetric chest expansion

Answer 35

abnormal = asymmetrical and pain] & make a “w” with hands at the xiphoid process

Question 36

Tactile fremitus

Answer 36

palpable vibration while the clients says “99” at 8 locations

Question 37

Bronchophony

Answer 37

person states “99” [abnormal= clear sound ]

Question 38

Egophony

Answer 38

person states “eeeee”[abnormal = you hear “AAAAA”]

Question 39

Whisper Pectoriloquy

Answer 39

person states “one two three”[abnormal = clear sound ]

Question 40

COPD

Answer 40

abnormal respiratory condition characterized by airflow obstruction

Question 41

Emphysema

Answer 41

obstruction caused by the enlargement alveoli distal to the terminal bronchioles

Question 42

Atelectasis

Answer 42

collapsed, shrunken and deflated sections of alveoli

Question 43

Pleural effusion

Answer 43

abnormal fluids between the layers of pleura

Question 44

Resonance

Answer 44

low pitch, clear, a hollow sound which is an indication of a healthy lung

Question 45

Intermittent cladication

Answer 45

Muscular pain brought on by exercise

Question 46

Raynaud phenomenon

Answer 46

Occurs in hands and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress

Question 47

Assessing arterial deficit

Answer 47

The color should return in 10 seconds