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Nursing 201 > Exam #3 Growth & Development part I > Flashcards

Exam #3 Growth & Development part I Flashcards

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1
Q

What is infertility?

A

inability to conceive after 1 year of trying. 6 months if over 35 years old

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2
Q

What is sterility?

A

absolute factor preventing reproduction

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3
Q

What is subfertility?

A

both partners have reduced fertility

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4
Q

What is primary infertility?

A

couple has never had a child

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5
Q

What is secondary infertility?

A

couple previously conceived, now unable to after 12 mo of trying

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6
Q

How does smoking affect fertility?

A

slows down sperm

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7
Q

What is anovulation?

A

failure of ovaries to produce, mature, or release eggs

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of tubal damage?

A

PID

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9
Q

What is the ideal consistency of cervical mucous to be receptive to, and encourage transportation of, sperm?

A

thin, watery and clear

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10
Q

What is the embryonic period?

A

15 days- 8 weeks

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11
Q

When does organogenesis occur?

A

week 8

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12
Q

What is the most vulnerable period development?

A

embryonic period, major malformations can occur during this time

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13
Q

How long is a lunar month?

A

28 days

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14
Q

What happens during 1st lunar month? (wks 1-4)

A

implantation, germ layers develop, heart begins to pulsate (2 chambered), arm & leg buds, brain visible

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15
Q

What happens during 2nd lunar month? (wks 5-8)

A

organogensis complete by wk 8
heart formed with vessels & fetal circulation established
largest organ is the brain

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16
Q

What happens during 3rd lunar month? (wks 9-12)

A 
end of 1st trimester
ossification of bones
head = 1/3-1/2 total length
FHT with doppler
kidney secretion by wk 10
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17
Q

What happens during 4th lunar month? (wks 13-16)

A

lanugo on head
quickening (active muscle movement)
GI development=MECONIUM PRESENT

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18
Q

What happens during 5th lunar month? (wks 17-20)

A

Mom will report quickening
prominent lanugo
*vernix
brown fat deposits

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19
Q

What happens during 6th lunar month? (wks 21-24)

A 
End of 2nd trimester
fetal resp movements
substantial weight gain
increasing activity
**At the end of this month fetus is considered viable**
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20
Q

What happens during 7th lunar month? (wks 25-28)

A

Surfactant production- allows alveoli to open
eyelids reopen
testes descend
resp & circ systems sufficiently developed

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21
Q

What happens during 8th lunar month? (wks 29-32)

A

SubQ fat deposits increase

mineral storage in bones

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22
Q

What happens during 9th lunar month? (wks 33-36)

A

increased fat deposits

lanugo disappears

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23
Q

What happens during 10th lunar month? (wks 37-40)

A

considered full term
fills uterus
*Acquires antibodies from mother!

24
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

implantation any site other than endometrium

25
Q

What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A 
endometriosis
previous ectopic
increased PRO
IUD use
assisted repro
tube abnormality
26
Q

What is best diagnostic tool for ectopic pregnancy?

A

transvaginal U/S

27
Q

Which diagnostic tool also Tx ectopic pregnancy?

A

laparascopy

28
Q

What can be used to Tx ectopic pregnancy prior to rupture?

A

methotrexate (chemo so destroys rapidly dividing cells)

29
Q

What is molar pregnancy?

A

placenta is filled with fluid-filled grape like clusters. Uterus becomes excessively large, nonviable pregnancy

30
Q

What are 2 types of molar pregnancy?

A

Complete (no embryo or fetal tissue)

Partial (fetal tissue, but severely deformed, not viable)

31
Q

What is a universally present Sx of molar pregnancy?

A

vaginal bleeding

32
Q

How can you Dx molar pregnancy?

A

U/S, ^ HCG b/c of ^ trophoblastic cells

33
Q

How do you Tx molar pregnancy?

A

Remove mole
requires HCG testing for 1 year! b/c of risk of developing choriocarcinoma!
(NO PREGNANCY for 1 year!!!)

34
Q

What is choriocarcinoma?

A

CA around is placenta during pregnancy

35
Q

S/Sx of choriocarcinoma?

A

Blood, brown D/C

elevated hCG

36
Q

Tx for choriocarcinoma?

A

methotrexate
Tx until hCG is negative
hysterectomy if no more children desired

37
Q

1 risk factor for spontaneous abortion?

A

Advanced maternal age

38
Q

What is a threatened abortion?

A

bleeding, but cervix closed & products of conception remain in uterus.
bleeding will stop within 48 hours if it’s going to stop

39
Q

What is an imminent abortion?

A

termination in progress

40
Q

What is an incomplete abortion? how do you Tx?

A

fetus is gone, but all or part of the placenta remains

Tx: D&C, pitocin, methergine (induces contractions)

41
Q

What is a missed abortion?

A

fetus dies in utero but is not expelled

42
Q

What factors R/T teratogens affect the severity of anomalies?

A

amount, type, timing (in gestation), duration, and fetal genetic sensitivity.

43
Q

What effect do mycins have on fetus?

A

ototoxic

44
Q

What effect do anticonvulsants have on fetus?

A

increased risk of neural tube defects

45
Q

At what week should you stop taking salycilates?

A

28 weeks

46
Q

What is kernicterus?

A

severe jaundice with brain involvement

47
Q

Which anticoagulant is a teratogen and which is safe during pregnancy?

A 
warfarin= teratogen
heparin= safe b/c does not cross placenta
48
Q

Which vaccines are teratogenic?

A

MMR, varicella and activated flu vaccine (nasal spray)

49
Q

What is most significant modifiable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes?

A

smoking

50
Q

What effect does caffeine have on pregnancy?

A

increased risk of spontaneous abortion BUT no link to birth defects

51
Q

What is the most common teratogen & leading cause of intellectual disability?

A

ALCOHOL

52
Q

Which is the most sensitive organ to alcohol exposure?

A

the brain

53
Q

Are methadone babies LGA or SGA?

A

LGA

54
Q

Are coke and opiate babies LGA or SGA?

A

SGA

55
Q

When does FAS usually manifest?

A

within 72 hours after birth.

56
Q

Who gets drug screens during labor?

A

all moms. universal.

Nursing 201 (1 decks)

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